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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e100975</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">100975</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Heteroptera</subject>
          <subject>Insecta</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Biodiversity &amp; Conservation</subject>
          <subject>Biogeography</subject>
          <subject>Systematics</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geological_era">
          <subject>Precambrian</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area">
          <subject>Asia</subject>
          <subject>World</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A zoogeographical analysis of True Bugs (Insecta, Heteroptera) from Uzbekistan</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Gandjaeva</surname>
            <given-names>Lola</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">tulipa_83@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Abdullaev</surname>
            <given-names>Ikram</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Iskandarov</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulla</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Allabergenova</surname>
            <given-names>Komila</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Yusupova</surname>
            <given-names>Saodat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Narimanova</surname>
            <given-names>Gulkhayo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Yusupboev</surname>
            <given-names>Erkinboy</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Ibragimova</surname>
            <given-names>Sohiba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Begliev</surname>
            <given-names>Sanjar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bobojonova</surname>
            <given-names>Khulkar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Khorezm Mamun Academy, KHiva, Uzbekistan</addr-line>
        <institution>Khorezm Mamun Academy</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">KHiva</addr-line>
        <country>Uzbekistan</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan</addr-line>
        <institution>Urgench State University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Urgench</addr-line>
        <country>Uzbekistan</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Khorezm Mamun Academy, Khiva, Uzbekistan</addr-line>
        <institution>Khorezm Mamun Academy</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Khiva</addr-line>
        <country>Uzbekistan</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">The Academic Lyceum of the Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy, Urgench, Uzbekistan</addr-line>
        <institution>The Academic Lyceum of the Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Urgench</addr-line>
        <country>Uzbekistan</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Lola Gandjaeva (<email xlink:type="simple">tulipa_83@mail.ru</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/294BB0D9-AAC0-5F0F-AE54-B5D99898B17C">294BB0D9-AAC0-5F0F-AE54-B5D99898B17C</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Lola Gandjaeva, Ikram Abdullaev, Abdulla Iskandarov, Komila Allabergenova, Saodat Yusupova, Gulkhayo Narimanova, Erkinboy Yusupboev, Sohiba Ibragimova, Sanjar Begliev, Khulkar Bobojonova</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>The purpose of this study is to examinea zoogeographic analysis of terrestrial true bugs(Heteroptera) in the Lower Amudaryaterritory. According to the findingof the literaturereview,there are 149 species of terrestrial hemipteransin the Lower Amudarya. All hemipteran species with the possible exception of five, have most likely been misidentified. Until now, the zoogeography of true bug species in Uzbekistan’s north-western part has not been studied. In addition, new locality records for the species collected and diagnosedare provided. The species compositionof species, diversity, and proportion of endemism vary greatly acrossthe country’szoogeographic regions.In the last two decades, increased introductions from Iran and China to Uzbekistan have been observed. TheHeteropterafauna of the Khorezm and Karakalpakstan could be divided into fourgroups: most species belong to the Palaearctic ranges, with 125species constituting 83.89%; the second group of Holarctic ranges is characterized by no more than 10 species, which constitutes 6.71%; and the third group is Endemic species, 13 species or 8.72% of various genesisand 1 species constituting 0.67% is Cosmopolitan range. Currently, new alien species from Iran and China are having negative impacts on crop yield. As a result, more research is needed to investigate distribution effects in a northern climate. The introduction of alien Heteroptera to the north-western part of Uzbekistan will increase and deserve further consideration.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
