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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e109303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109303</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Amphipoda</subject>
          <subject>Arthropoda</subject>
          <subject>Crustacea</subject>
          <subject>Invertebrata</subject>
          <subject>Malacostraca</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Biological Invasions</subject>
          <subject>Populations &amp; Communities</subject>
          <subject>Species Inventories</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geological_era">
          <subject>Cenozoic</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area">
          <subject>Eastern Europe</subject>
          <subject>Poland</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mass invasion of the Ponto-Caspian amphipods in Masurian Lakeland associated with human leisure activities</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Podwysocki</surname>
            <given-names>Krzysztof</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">krzysztof.podwysocki@biol.uni.lodz.pl</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-5865</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mamos</surname>
            <given-names>Tomasz</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0524-3015</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Desiderato</surname>
            <given-names>Andrea</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rewicz</surname>
            <given-names>Tomasz</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-4973</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Grabowski</surname>
            <given-names>Michał</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-3454</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Konopacka</surname>
            <given-names>Alicja</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bącela-Spychalska</surname>
            <given-names>Karolina</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">karolina.bacela@biol.uni.lodz.pl</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4498-5107</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland</addr-line>
        <institution>Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Łódź</addr-line>
        <country>Poland</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland</addr-line>
        <institution>Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Lodz</addr-line>
        <country>Poland</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding authors: Krzysztof Podwysocki (<email xlink:type="simple">krzysztof.podwysocki@biol.uni.lodz.pl</email>), Karolina Bącela-Spychalska (<email xlink:type="simple">karolina.bacela@biol.uni.lodz.pl</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>4</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/AE864495-FEF6-573F-82A6-F107EAB00649">AE864495-FEF6-573F-82A6-F107EAB00649</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Krzysztof Podwysocki, Tomasz Mamos, Andrea Desiderato, Tomasz Rewicz, Michał Grabowski, Alicja Konopacka, Karolina Bącela-Spychalska</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Non-indigenous species (NIS) contribute to the decrease of native species’ diversity on a local and global scale. One of Europe&amp;#39;s most significant donors of freshwater invasions is the Ponto-Caspian region. Following the construction of artificial canals connecting isolated water bodies and resulting heavy boat traffic, the Ponto-Caspian Amphipoda started to spread in Europe. Four species: <italic>Dikerogammarus haemobaphes</italic>, <italic>Dikerogammarus villosus</italic>, <italic>Pontogammarus robustoides</italic> and <italic>Chaetogammarus ischnus</italic> invaded Masurian Lakeland (North-Eastern Poland). Based on the literature and our data, we studied their distribution in 14 lakes in the region in the years 2001 - 2016. We analysed their distribution against several water quality parameters and levels of anthropogenic pressure. Our results are also the first records of two new invaders - <italic>D. villosus </italic>and <italic>C. ischnus </italic>in the studied area. We show that the relative abundance and frequency of these two species rapidly increase, and simultaneously the populations of the older invaders, <italic>D. haemobaphes</italic> and <italic>P. robustoides</italic>, decrease. The native species - <italic>Gammarus lacustris</italic> - seems to be negatively affected by NIS richness as well as by the proximity of cities. The NIS found in the lakes appear to be facilitated by boating and the lower complexity of the shoreline. Our study shows how anthropogenic pressure and tourism in the specific, may directly aid bioinvasion, mining the survival of native biodiversity without proper regulation.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
