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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e122499</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">122499</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Review Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Angiospermae</subject>
          <subject>Plantae</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Behavioural Ecology</subject>
          <subject>Ecological expertise &amp; Expert systems</subject>
          <subject>Socio-economy &amp; Sustainable development</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Exploring Ginger as Botanical Pesticides for Sustainable Maize Protection, Economic Growth, and Landscape Planning Strategies for Maize in North Sumatra, Indonesia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Siregar</surname>
            <given-names>Rahmad Syukur</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Bangun</surname>
            <given-names>Imam Hartono</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">imamhartono@umsu.ac.id</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9977-664X</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Saleh</surname>
            <given-names>Arifin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Silalahi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Apriyanti</surname>
            <given-names>Ira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Kamaludin</surname>
            <given-names>Mahirah</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-8743</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Hussein Abogazia</surname>
            <given-names>Abdellatif</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Medan</addr-line>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Bogor</addr-line>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Social and Politic, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Social and Politic, Universitas Muhammadiyah</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Medan</addr-line>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen, Medan, Indonesia</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Medan</addr-line>
        <country>Indonesia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A5">
        <label>5</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kuala Nerus</addr-line>
        <country>Malaysia</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A6">
        <label>6</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Faculty of Commerce, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt</addr-line>
        <institution>Faculty of Commerce, Kafrelsheikh University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Kafr el-Sheikh</addr-line>
        <country>Egypt</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Imam Hartono Bangun (<email xlink:type="simple">imamhartono@umsu.ac.id</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/2218B15B-16DE-54BC-B103-A239A0E5D60D">2218B15B-16DE-54BC-B103-A239A0E5D60D</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Rahmad Syukur Siregar, Imam Hartono Bangun, Arifin Saleh, Marina Silalahi, Ira Apriyanti, Mahirah Kamaludin, Abdellatif Hussein Abogazia</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p><meta charset="UTF-8"/> <p>Maize production in Indonesia faces a significant challenge from the emerging threat of <italic>Spodoptera frugiperda</italic>, leading to heavy reliance on chemical control methods. Unfortunately, this results in high residue levels, impacting human health and the environment. Addressing this, ginger emerges as a botanical insecticide, presenting a solution to mitigate these negative consequences. Evaluating the botanical insecticide industry&amp;#39;s export and import values reveals its potential contribution to economic growth, enhancing national income and societal prosperity. This article addresses the maize armyworm problem through ginger-derived botanical pesticides, evaluating economic benefits and exploring the feasibility of ginger-based formulations, considering economic factors and landscape planning. The systematic review, following the PRISMA-P methodology, ensures a transparent analysis of scientific production in four stages: identification, screening, feasibility assessment, and inclusion. Recent research highlights ginger&amp;#39;s efficacy in pest management, emphasizing ecological benefits and sustainable practices. Ginger-based botanical pesticides support environmental sustainability and offer positive economic potential. A holistic maize farming approach in North Sumatra forms the foundation for productive and eco-friendly agriculture. Training in pest management is crucial for maximizing economic benefits and ensuring sustainable ginger-based botanical pesticide application. The amalgamation of scientific research and ginger-based practices offers a model for effective, economical, and sustainable farming.</p></p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
