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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e142537</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">142537</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Ascomycota</subject>
          <subject>Clavicipitaceae</subject>
          <subject>Hypocreales</subject>
          <subject>Sordariomycetes</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Bioinformatics</subject>
          <subject>Genomics</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="geographical_area">
          <subject>Asia</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mitochondrial genomes from fungal the entomopathogenic <italic>Moelleriella</italic> genus reveals evolutionary history, intron dynamics and phylogeny</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Xiong</surname>
            <given-names>Xiong Chengjie Cheng</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">18609200812@163.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Lin</surname>
            <given-names>Yongsheng</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Keyhani</surname>
            <given-names>Nemat O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Shang</surname>
            <given-names>Junya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mao</surname>
            <given-names>Yuchen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Yang</surname>
            <given-names>Jiao</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zheng</surname>
            <given-names>Minhai</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Yang</surname>
            <given-names>Lixia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Pu</surname>
            <given-names>Huili</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Lin</surname>
            <given-names>Longbing</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mu</surname>
            <given-names>Taicang</given-names>
          </name>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-4884</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Zhu</surname>
            <given-names>Mengjia</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Wu</surname>
            <given-names>Ziyi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Qiu</surname>
            <given-names>Zhenxing</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Xiong</surname>
            <given-names>Wen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Guan</surname>
            <given-names>Xiayu</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">gxy302@126.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Qiu</surname>
            <given-names>Junzhi</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">junzhiqiu@126.com</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2293-2055</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou city, China</addr-line>
        <institution>Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Fuzhou city</addr-line>
        <country>China</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">University of Illinois, Chicago, United States of America</addr-line>
        <institution>University of Illinois</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Chicago</addr-line>
        <country>United States of America</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Fuzhou Technology and Business University, Fuzhou city, China</addr-line>
        <institution>Fuzhou Technology and Business University</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Fuzhou city</addr-line>
        <country>China</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Forestry Diseases and Pests Control Station of Yongding District of Longyan City, Yongding city, China</addr-line>
        <institution>Forestry Diseases and Pests Control Station of Yongding District of Longyan City</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Yongding city</addr-line>
        <country>China</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding authors: Xiong Chengjie Cheng Xiong (<email xlink:type="simple">18609200812@163.com</email>), Xiayu Guan (<email xlink:type="simple">gxy302@126.com</email>), Junzhi Qiu (<email xlink:type="simple">junzhiqiu@126.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/7813F39F-A3BA-5800-AC2D-0D6E0DA6C71A">7813F39F-A3BA-5800-AC2D-0D6E0DA6C71A</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Xiong Chengjie Cheng Xiong, Yongsheng Lin, Nemat O. Keyhani, Junya Shang, Yuchen Mao, Jiao Yang, Minhai Zheng, Lixia Yang, Huili Pu, Longbing Lin, Taicang Mu, Mengjia Zhu, Ziyi Wu, Zhenxing Qiu, Wen Xiong, Xiayu Guan, Junzhi Qiu</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Members of the <italic>Moelleriella</italic> (Hypocreales, Clavicipitaceae) genera are insect pathogens with specificity for scale insects and whiteflies. However, no mitochondrial genomes are available for these fungi. Here, we assembled seven mitogenomes from <italic>M. zhongdongii</italic>, <italic>M. libera</italic>, <italic>M. raciborskii</italic>, <italic>M. gracilispora</italic>, <italic>M. oxystoma</italic>, <italic>Moelleriella</italic> sp<italic>. </italic>CGMCC 3.18909 and <italic>Moelleriella</italic> sp<italic>. </italic>CGMCC 3.18913, which varied from 40.8 to 95.7 Kb. Synteny and codon usage bias was relatively conserved; with the mitochondrial gene arrangement completely homologous to the gene order of 16 other species within the Hypocreales. However, extensive intron polymorphism exists between <italic>Moelleriella</italic> species. Evolutionary analyses revealed that all 15 core protein coding genes had ka/ks &amp;lt; 1, indicating purifying selection pressure. Sequence variation within the mitochondrial ribosome protein S3 (<italic>rps3</italic>) gene showed the largest genetic distance with the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L (<italic>nad4L</italic>) showing the smallest. Comparative mitogenomic analyses showed that introns were the main factor contributing to the size variation of <italic>Moelleriella</italic> and more widely in Hypocreales mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the seven <italic>Moelleriella</italic> species examined form a well-supported clade, most closely related to<italic> Hypocrella</italic>. These data present the first mitogenome from <italic>Moelleriella</italic> and further advance research into the taxonomy, origin, evolution, and genomics of <italic>Moelleriella</italic>.</p>
      </abstract>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement>This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32270029, U1803232, 31670026), the National Key R &amp; D Program of China (No. 2017YFE0122000), a Social Service Team Support Program Project (No. 11899170165), Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund (Nos. KFB23084, CXZX2019059S, CXZX2019060G) of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, a Fujian Provincial Major Science and Technology Project (No. 2022NZ029017), an Investigation and evaluation of biodiversity in the Jiulong River Basin (No. 082·23259-15), Macrofungal and microbial resource investigation project in Longqishan Nature Reserve (No. SMLH2024(TP)-JL003#), and an Investigation of macrofungal diversity in Junzifeng National Nature Reserve, Fujian Province (No. Min Qianyu Sanming Recruitment 2024-23).</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
