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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e144020</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">144020</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Communication</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Animalia</subject>
          <subject>Mammalia</subject>
          <subject>Perissodactyla</subject>
          <subject>Vertebrata</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Behaviour</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Extreme fighting and vocalizations in <italic>Tapirus bairdii</italic>: observations from <italic>aguadas</italic> of Calakmul, social arenas for the species</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Reyna-Hurtado</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">rafaelcalakmul@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Huerta-Rodríguez</surname>
            <given-names>Jonathan O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rojas-Flores</surname>
            <given-names>Edith</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Campeche, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>El Colegio de la Frontera Sur</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Campeche</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">No institution, Campeche, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>No institution</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Campeche</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Rafael Reyna-Hurtado (<email xlink:type="simple">rafaelcalakmul@gmail.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/893EC3F8-A771-536B-B140-B7BCDC840D87">893EC3F8-A771-536B-B140-B7BCDC840D87</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Rafael Reyna-Hurtado, Jonathan O. Huerta-Rodríguez, Edith Rojas-Flores</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>We report and describe unusual behaviors of fighting and whistling in a species considered to be shy and calm. Baird’s tapir is the largest of all Neotropical mammals and lives in dense well conserved tropical forest of America. For ten years, in the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve of Southern Mexico, we have monitored tapir population in ponds locally named <i>aguadas</i> that serve as <i>social arenas</i> for the species. Recently, we obtained 97 video records in which some tapirs get involved in serious fights and other behaviors related probably to courtship, including several types of whistles. We described what we recorded and interpret these behaviors when possible. These rare behaviors in tapir can explain several of the wounds and scars that many adults of the population show and help us to understand better the social dynamics of this shy and endangered species of neotropical ungulate. We hope that all this information can help its conservation.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
