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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e144181</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">144181</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Idea</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Chemistry</subject>
          <subject>Ecology &amp; Environmental sciences</subject>
          <subject>Engineering &amp; Technology</subject>
          <subject>Humanities</subject>
          <subject>Life sciences</subject>
          <subject>Medicine &amp; Health sciences</subject>
          <subject>Physical Sciences</subject>
          <subject>Social sciences</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="sdg">
          <subject>Clean water &amp; sanitation</subject>
          <subject>Decent work &amp; economic growth</subject>
          <subject>Gender equality</subject>
          <subject>Good health &amp; well-being</subject>
          <subject>Industry</subject>
          <subject> innovation &amp; infrastructure</subject>
          <subject>Life below water</subject>
          <subject>Partnerships for the goals</subject>
          <subject>Quality education</subject>
          <subject>Sustainable cities and communities</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Utilizing Fish as Malaria Defenders</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Asiedu</surname>
            <given-names>Manfred Dakorah</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">manfred_asiedu@yahoo.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Twieku</surname>
            <given-names>Gideon</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">gideonktwieku@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Lims</surname>
            <given-names>Rhoda Diyie</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">rho_lims@yahoo.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">CSIR-Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana</addr-line>
        <institution>CSIR-Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>
        <country>Ghana</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana</addr-line>
        <institution>Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>
        <country>Ghana</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Fisheries and Aquaculture Division of the CSIR-Water Research Institute, Accra, Ghana</addr-line>
        <institution>Fisheries and Aquaculture Division of the CSIR-Water Research Institute</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Accra</addr-line>
        <country>Ghana</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding authors: Manfred Dakorah Asiedu (<email xlink:type="simple">manfred_asiedu@yahoo.com</email>), Gideon Twieku (<email xlink:type="simple">gideonktwieku@gmail.com</email>), Rhoda Diyie Lims (<email xlink:type="simple">rho_lims@yahoo.com</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>5</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/B5F4E2A6-B613-5561-9ECF-495ED3E7D429">B5F4E2A6-B613-5561-9ECF-495ED3E7D429</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Manfred Dakorah Asiedu, Gideon Twieku, Rhoda Diyie Lims</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>We propose to explore an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to malaria control by employing fish as biological agents to reduce mosquito populations. Given the rising challenges of insecticide resistance and the environmental concerns associated with chemical interventions, this project investigates the effectiveness of fish species in consuming mosquito larvae, thereby lowering the prevalence of malaria vectors. Through a combination of laboratory experiments, ecological assessments, and community engagement in malaria-endemic regions, the project will identify optimal fish species for this purpose, assess their impact on local ecosystems, and gauge community perspectives on adopting fish-based malaria control methods. Key objectives include evaluating predation efficiency, determining ecological compatibility, quantifying the reduction in malaria transmission, and fostering local involvement to enhance sustainability. This innovative approach has the potential to provide a scalable, environmentally conscious solution for malaria management, contributing to global public health efforts and advancing sustainable disease control strategies.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
