In this paper, we analyzed the mitochondrial genome data of Acheilognathus mengyangensis and used the multi-gene tandem method to elucidate its taxonomic status. The total length of the mitochondrial genome is 16,779 bp, including 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and D-loop region. Overall, there was strong AT bias and anti-G bias; Different protein-coding genes exhibit different degrees of codon preference. The rest of the amino acids except tRNA^{Ser (GCT)} of the 22 tRNAs were in one form, and the secondary structure was incomplete, and all the other tRNAs folded to show the secondary structure of a typical clover. 13 protein-coding genes of Acheilognathus and Rhodeus were concatenated to explore the phylogenetic relationship with Pseudorasbora parva as the outgroup. The results showed that A. mengyangensis, A. chankaensis, A. macropterus is the most closely related. This research supplements Acheilognathus mitochondrial genome data, serving as a molecular basis for safeguarding species, facilitating genetic classification, and investigating Acheilognathinae phylogeny.