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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">102</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="index">urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:73abe0ce-d97c-5d7c-bee5-b8e6e6fe6a17</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">ARPHA Preprints</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title xml:lang="en">preprints</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/arphapreprints.e160806</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">160806</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Communication</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="biological_taxon">
          <subject>Osteichthyes</subject>
          <subject>Pisces</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="scientific_subject">
          <subject>Biodiversity &amp; Conservation</subject>
          <subject>Biological Invasions</subject>
          <subject>Freshwater Biota &amp; Ecosystems</subject>
          <subject>Populations &amp; Communities</subject>
          <subject>Species Inventories</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The fish assemblage of a Mexican protected spring system dominated by invasive fishes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group content-type="authors">
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Contreras-MacBeath</surname>
            <given-names>Topiltzin</given-names>
          </name>
          <email xlink:type="simple">topis@uaem.mx</email>
          <uri content-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-6904</uri>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Moreno Romero</surname>
            <given-names>Masiel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Mejia Mojica</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Rivas González</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Sandoval Manríquez</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>Hernández Arias</surname>
            <given-names>Juan Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="no">
          <name name-style="western">
            <surname>González Gavito</surname>
            <given-names>Enrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="A1">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Laboratorio de Ictiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Laboratorio de Ictiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A2">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Maestría en Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Maestría en Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A3">
        <label>3</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Laboratorio de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Dulceacuícola, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, UAEM., Jojutla, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Laboratorio de Conservación de la Biodiversidad Dulceacuícola, Escuela de Estudios Superiores del Jicarero, UAEM.</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Jojutla</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A4">
        <label>4</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Escuela de Turismo, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Escuela de Turismo, UAEM</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A5">
        <label>5</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UAEM, Cuernavaca, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, UAEM</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Cuernavaca</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <aff id="A6">
        <label>6</label>
        <addr-line content-type="verbatim">Dirección de Sostenibilidad, Parque Natural Las Estacas, Tlaltizapán, Mexico</addr-line>
        <institution>Dirección de Sostenibilidad, Parque Natural Las Estacas</institution>
        <addr-line content-type="city">Tlaltizapán</addr-line>
        <country>Mexico</country>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <fn fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Corresponding author: Topiltzin Contreras-MacBeath (<email xlink:type="simple">topis@uaem.mx</email>).</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Academic editor: </p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>6</volume>
      <uri content-type="arpha" xlink:href="http://openbiodiv.net/AC01F89A-6A66-5019-AD64-204ADC6C0BA4">AC01F89A-6A66-5019-AD64-204ADC6C0BA4</uri>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Topiltzin Contreras-MacBeath, Masiel Moreno Romero, Humberto Mejia Mojica, Juan Manuel Rivas González, Juan Carlos Sandoval Manríquez, Juan Alberto Hernández Arias, Enrique González Gavito</copyright-statement>
        <license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <label>Abstract</label>
        <p>Springs, as sensitive freshwater ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic factors such as water extraction, pollution, and climate change. Las Estacas spring in Central Mexico, managed as a water park within a state reserve, serves as an ideal space for environmental education and conservation efforts. Snorkel surveys identified 14 fish species, with 70% being invasive and most of these come from ornamental fish. The fish assemblage was dominated by <italic>Xiphophorus helleri</italic> and <italic>Amatitlania nigrofasciata</italic> with 23% and 21% of the sample respectively, followed by two native species <italic>Poecilia sphenops</italic> and <italic>Astyanax mexicanus</italic> with 15% each aquaculture. To address this, a rewilding project is now in place, with the goal to establish a fish assemblage dominated by native species through habitat management, invasive species control, native species introduction, and education.</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
