Preprint
ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e172797 (23 Sep 2025)
Submitted to Population and Economics
Other versions:

(Verbatim name)

ID

(Catalog Number)

ORG

DES

Invalid DOI was provided, please try again

PDF
 
 
Bluesky
Twitter
Facebook
Telegram
Mendeley
Reddit
Notify a colleague
  • Preprint InfoPreprint Info
  • CiteCite
  • MetricsMetrics
  • CommentComment
  • RelatedRelated
  • CitedCited
ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e172797
First posted 23 Sep 2025
Authors
   
Nuran Halise Belet
Ankara Hacı Bayram University, ANKARA, Turkiye
Articles by this author in:  CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Google Scholar
   
Shehzada Ghulam Abbas - Corresponding author
CERGE-EI, Prague, Czech Republic
Articles by this author in:  CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Google Scholar
   
   
   
   
Shahzada Rahim Abbas
Ibn Haldun University, Istanbul, Turkiye
Articles by this author in:  CrossRef  |  PubMed  |  Google Scholar
Author contributions
All authors have contributed equally. 
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Powered by