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ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e193866 (01 Apr 2026)
 
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ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e193866
First posted 01 Apr 2026
Authors
   
   
   
Bruno Almón - Corresponding author
Instituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO_CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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Jacinto Perez
Grupo de Estudos do Medio Mariño (GEMM), Ribeira, Spain
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Juan Trigo
Museo de Historia Natural. Sociedade Galega de Historia Natural, Pl. Canido s/n, 15401, Ferrol, Spain
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Miquel Pontes
VIMAR, Barcelona, Spain
https://vidamarina.info
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Manuel Ballesteros
University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Author contributions
BA and JP conceived and designed the study. BA, JP, MP, and MB conducted the sampling and collected the material. BA and MB analysed the data. BA drafted the manuscript, and MP, MB, JT, and JP reviewed and contributed to successive versions of the text. MP and JP compiled historical records. MP and BA prepared the distribution maps. Photographs are original works by JP (Galicia) and MB (Balearic Islands). Figures were produced by BA and line drawings are original works by MB. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Supporting agencies
CSIC -  Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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