The oldest Naibiomorpha: new fossil from NW China with implications for their early evolution

Zhang Qianqi; Lele Xu

doi:10.3897/arphapreprints.e195169

Preprint

ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e195169 (14 Apr 2026)

Published in: Fossil Record https://doi.org/10.3897/fr.29.194991

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ARPHA Preprints

doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e195169

First posted 14 Apr 2026

Authors

Zhang Qianqi - Corresponding author

College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China

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Lele Xu - Corresponding author

College of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

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Author contributions

Author contributions: Lele Xu: fossil collection and identification, Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

Xiangdong Zhao: field collection, Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing.

Qianqi Zhang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing, Funding acquisition.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Supporting agencies

This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0850000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42402012).

This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.