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ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e195471 (14 Apr 2026)
Submitted to Nature Conservation
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ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e195471
First posted 14 Apr 2026
Authors
   
Franck Patherson Meyo Okono - Corresponding author
Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, DOUALA, Cameroon
Higher Institute of Agriculture, Forestry, Water and Environment (HIAFWE), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Ebolowa, Cameroon, EBOLOWA, Cameroon
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Patrick Akono Ntonga
Laboratory of Biology and Physiology of Animal Organisms, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Cameroon, DOUALA, Cameroon
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Amanda Lee Grunwald
Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, CHICAGO, United States of America
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Terrence C. Demos
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, United States of America
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Laurent Essome Nguesse
Higher Institute of Agriculture, Forestry, Water and Environment (HIAFWE), Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Ebolowa, Cameroon, EBOLOWA, Cameroon
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Edward Risto Hurme
Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany, KONSTANZ, Germany
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Bruce D. Patterson
Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, United States of America
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Bakwo Fils Eric Moise
UNIVERSITY OF EBOLOWA, EBOLOWA, Cameroon
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Author contributions

FPMO: investigation, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing-original draft and editing;

PAN: supervision, resources, data curation, writing-critical review and editing;

ALG: methodology, resources, visualization, writing-critical review and editing;

TD: formal analysis, resources, writing-review and editing

LEN: investigation, writing-review and editing;

ERH: formal analysis, writing-review and editing;

BDP: supervision, resources, writing-critical review and editing;

EMBF: supervision, resources, formal analysis, writing-critical review and editing.


Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Supporting agencies
BCI -  Bat Conservation International
Rufford Small Grants Foundation -  Rufford Foundation
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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