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ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e195849 (16 Apr 2026)
Submitted to Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
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ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e195849
First posted 16 Apr 2026
Authors
Yin Yalei - Corresponding author
Center for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Wu Buyu
College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Pei Rui
Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang Honggang - Corresponding author
Paleontological Museum of Liaoning, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Zhang Xin
Shenzhou Dinosaur Museum, Jiayin Dinosaur National Geological Park, Yichun, China
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Shen Fengbin
Shenzhou Dinosaur Museum, Jiayin Dinosaur National Geological Park, Yichun, China
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Xing Xu
Center for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Author contributions
Ya-Lei Yin, Hong-Gang Zhang, Xing Xu, Rui Pei, and Bu-Yu Wu wrote the manuscript. Ya-Lei Yin reconstructed the virtual tooth model using CT scan data, prepared the figures and tables, and performed the measurements and analysis. Xin Zhang and Feng-Bin Shen collected the specimens. All authors reviewed the full manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Supporting agencies
The Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Ministry of Natural Resources (SP202502) National Natural Science Foundation of China (42402018, 42372031) Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program (202305AB350006) Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tstp20240514) Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2025-BSLH-371, 2025-MSLH-621) Open Fund of the Observation and Research Station of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Environmental Geology in Chaohu, MNR (SPEG-2025-KF02) Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities (LJ202410166031)
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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