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ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e197963 (04 May 2026)
Submitted to Swiss Journal of Palaeontology
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ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e197963
First posted 04 May 2026
Authors
Yin Yalei - Corresponding author
Center for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Buyu Wu
College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Zixian Sui
College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Junwei Xing
College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Qi Zhao - Corresponding author
Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shuai Shao
College of Paleontology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China
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Xing Xu - Corresponding author
Center for Vertebrate Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Author contributions

Xing Xu organised and designed the study. Ya-Lei Yin, Qi Zhao, Bu-Yu Wu, Zi-Xian Sui, Jun-Wei Xing, Shuai Shao wrote the manuscript. Ya-Lei Yin collected the specimen, reconstructed the virtual tooth model using CT scan data, prepared the figures and tables, and performed the measurements and analysis. All authors revised the paper.


Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Supporting agencies
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42402018); Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program (202305AB350006); Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2025-BSLH-371, 2025-MSLH-621); Open Fund of the Observation and Research Station of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Environmental Geology in Chaohu, MNR (SPEG-2025-KF02); Key Laboratory of Stratigraphy and Paleontology of the Ministry of Natural Resources (SP202502); and Fundamental Research Funds for the Liaoning Universities (LJ202410166031).
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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