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ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e206193 (02 Jul 2026)
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ARPHA Preprints
doi: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e206193
First posted 02 Jul 2026
Authors
Leif Eric Howard - Corresponding author
University of Montana, Missoula, United States of America
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Charles van Rees
Odum School of Ecology and River Basin Center, Athens, United States of America
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Sean Carter
University of Montana, Missoula, United States of America
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John Kimball
University of Montana, Missoula, United States of America
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Gordon Luikart
University of Montana, Polson, United States of America
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Author contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Leif Howard, Charles B. van Rees, Sean Carter, John Kimball, and Gordon Luikart. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Leif Howard and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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