A peculiar habitat type found in the savannas of Central Cuba, Villa Clara province, and characterized by the presence of a surface gravel layer of “perdigones”, an assemblage of small ferralitic concretions, upon the “mocarrero” soil prevailing in the area, is described. On sterile gravel patches only one species grows: Elytraria serpens, a new species decribed and named here. It is noteworthy for possessing long and wide creeping, stoloniform subterranean peduncles with apical gemmae developing into rooting leaf rosettes enabling vegetative propagation. The new species is close to E. shaferi and considered to derive from the latter by adaptive evolution enabling it to survive in its hostile habitat, sheltered from the competition of other plant species. Small soil insects, e.g. ants, are believed to act as pollinators.

Acanthaceae, Cuba, Elytraria, “mocarrero” soil, myrmecophyly, new species, “perdigón”, vegetative propagation, Villa Clara province