2026-09-15T22:09:04Z https://preprints.arphahub.com/oai.php

10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 2020-09-17 preprints

National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan author Chao, Chien-Ti https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-4629 2020-09-17 2020-09-17 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e58764 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e58764 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58764/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58764/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58764/download/xml/ BackgroundThe genus Lilium comprises ca. 100 species and famous byb its showy flowers. In Taiwan, four taxa were recorded in Flora of Taiwan, namely L. callosum, L. formosanum, L. speciosum var. gloriosoides, and L. longiflorum var. scabrum. New informationIn this article, the author reported a newly recorded lily taxon, Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. longiflorum. This variety is morphologically similar to the other two endemic taxa, L. longiflorum Thunb. var. scabrum Masam. and L. formosanum Wallace of Taiwan, and is often misidentified as such. However, L. longiflorum var. longiflorum is distinguished from them by having subglabrous stems, and tepals without purplish stripes. Lilium longiflorum var. longiflorum has only been found in the remote islands of Taiwan, such as Lanyu, Lutao, and Pengchia Islet. The conservation status of the two varieties of L. longiflorum of Taiwan was re-evaluated and assigned as near threatened (NT). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Liliaceae Lilium longiflorum Thunb. var. longiflorum plant taxonomy Taiwan Lilium longiflorum var. longiflorum (Liliaceae), a neglected lily of Taiwan Single Taxon Treatment

10.3897/arphapreprints.e58902 2020-09-29 preprints

Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia author Alharbi, Samah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-3457 King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia author AlQthanin, Rahmah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3147-5047 2020-09-29 2020-09-29 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e58902 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e58902 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58902/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58902/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/58902/download/xml/ This study provides a taxonomic revision for Ceropegia sec. Huernia in the flora of Saudi Arabia. Forty-eight quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and the unweighted pairs group using mean average (UPGMA) to separate and help delimit taxa. We proposed to reduce the number of names reported in Saudi Arabia from 11 to four species: C. arabica comb. nov.,C. Khalidbinsultanii comb. nov., C. laevis and C. lodarensis. This study also suggested reducing two of Plowes’ new names to a variety level under C. lodarensis (var. foetida comb. nov. and var. rubrosticta comb. nov.). A key to the species, detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, ecology, etymology and preliminarily conservation assessments following IUCN criteria are provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers arid plants Huernia stapeliads stem-succulent the flora of Saudi Arabia taxonomy succulents of Arabian Peninsula Taxonomic revision of Ceropegia sec. Huernia (Asclepiadoideae – Apocynaceae) in Saudi Arabia with four new combinations Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e59165 2020-10-02 preprints

author Xu, Xue Hong State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China author LI, WENJUN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-0783 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan author Habibullo, Shomurodov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-2414 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan author Ozodbek, Abduraimov School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China author NIU, SHUKUI 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e59165 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e59165 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59165/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59165/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59165/download/xml/ Thesium brevibracteatum P.C.Tam was described based on the specimen Chiu L.C. 5128 collected from Inner Mongolia, China. The name Thesium brevibracteatum G.P.Sumnevich is validly published and described on the type (Korotkova E.E. et Titov V.S. 1502) collected from Uzbekistan. T. brevibracteatum P.C.Tam is a later homonym of T. brevibracteatum G.P.Sumnevich.We propose T. longiperianthium as the new name for T. brevibracteatum P.C.Tam. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Thesium brevibracteatum  homonym  replacement name  Inner Mongolia Thesium longiperianthium (Santalaceae), a new replacement name for T. brevibracteatum P.C.Tam Single Taxon Treatment

10.3897/arphapreprints.e59250 2020-10-02 preprints

M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Seregin, Alexey P. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1824-7453 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Bochkov, Dmitriy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0337-8389 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Shner, Julia Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, RAS, Borok, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia author Garin, Eduard Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, RAS, Moscow, Russia author Pospelov, Igor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9564-5589 Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia author Prokhorov, Vadim Tigirek State Reserve, Barnaul, Russia author Golyakov, Pavel Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Mayorov, Sergey Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia author Svirin, Sergey Pavlovsk Secondary School #2, Pavlovsk, Voronezh Oblast, Russia author Khimin, Alexander Independent Researcher, Korolyov, Moscow Oblast, Russia author Gorbunova, Marina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3087-8749 Lomonosov Moscow State University (Sevastopol Branch), Sevastopol, Russia Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol, Russia author Kashirina, Ekaterina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8808-3255 Independent Researcher, Milkovo, Kamchatsky Krai, Russia author Курякова, Ольга Independent Researcher, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia author Bolshakov, Boris Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia author Ebel, Aleksandr Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park “Smolny”, Saransk, Russia Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia author Khapugin, Anatoliy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-2779 Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, RAS, Makhachkala, Russia author Mallaliev, Maxim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-2976 Belorechenskoye Agricultural Public Joint Stock Company, Belorechensky, Irkutsk Oblast, Russia author Mirvoda, Sergey Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Lednev, Sergey Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia author Nesterkova, Dina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-4111 Independent Researcher, Kaliningrad, Russia author Zelenova, Nadezhda Independent Researcher, Kostroma, Russia author Nesterova, Svetlana Belgorod National Research University, Belgorod, Russia author Zelenkova, Viktoriya Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS, Moscow, Russia author Vinogradov, Georgy Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia author Biryukova, Olga Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia author Verkhozina, Alla https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0872-4455 Independent Researcher, Novosibirsk, Russia author Zyrianov, Alexey Republican Children’s Ecological and Biological Center of Bashkortostan, Ufa, Russia author Gerasimov, Sergey Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, RAS, Makhachkala, Russia Dagestan State Medical University, Makhachkala, Russia author Murtazaliev, Ramazan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2895-213X Independent Researcher, Tyumen, Russia author Basov, Yurii https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-3001 Independent Researcher, Bryansk, Russia author Marchenkova, Kira Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia author Vladimirov, Dmitry Independent Researcher, Sevastopol, Russia author Safina, Dina Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Dudov, Sergey Central Chernozem Reserve, Kursk Oblast, Russia author Degtyarev, Nikolai Togliatti State University, Togliatti, Russia author Tretyakova, Diana Institute of General and Experimental Biology, RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia author Chimitov, Daba Independent Researcher, Kursk, Russia author Sklyar, Evgenij Independent Researcher, Saratov, Russia author Kandaurova, Alesya Independent Researcher, Alushta, Russia author Bogdanovich, Svetlana Open Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia author Dubynin, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3086-7839 Kamchatka Branch of the Pacific Geographical Institute, FEB RAS, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia Vitus Bering Kamchatka State University, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia author Chernyagina, Olga Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia author Lebedev, Aleksandr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-942X Institute Botanic Garden, Ural Branch, RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia author Knyazev, Mikhail Directorate of Protected Areas, Vladimir, Russia author Mitjushina, Irina Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia author Filippova, Nina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9506-0991 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Dudova, Kseniia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-8561 Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia author Kuzmin, Igor V. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6824-4015 Tula State Lev Tolstoy Pedagogical University, Tula, Russia author Svetasheva, Tatyana https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-9518 Independent Researcher, Likino-Dulyovo, Moscow Oblast, Russia author Zakharov, Vladimir Independent Researcher, Samara, Russia author Travkin, Vladimir Chelyabinsk Children and Youth Camping Trip Centre "Kosmos", Chelyabinsk, Russia author Magazov, Yaroslav https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5263-174X Independent Researcher, Omsk, Russia author Teploukhov, Vladimir Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia author Efremov, Andrew Independent Researcher, Kursk, Russia author Deineko, Olesya Independent Researcher, Vladimir, Russia author Stepanov, Viktor Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia author Popov, Eugene https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8599-3117 Tigirek State Reserve, Barnaul, Russia author Kuzmenckin, Dmitry Independent Researcher, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia author Strus, Tatiana Independent Researcher, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia author Zarubo, Tatyana Independent Researcher, Novosibirsk, Russia author Romanov, Konstantin Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia author Ebel, Alexei Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia author Tishin, Denis Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Russia author Arkhipov, Vladimir Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow, Russia author Korotkov, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-2303 Rybinsk State Historical, Architectural and Art Museum Preserve, Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia author Kutueva, Svetlana Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia author Gostev, Vladimir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6843-3422 Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russia author Krivosheev, Mikhail Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, Tankhoy, Buryat Republic, Russia author Gamova, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-757X Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, Russia author Belova, Veronica Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia author Kosterin, Oleg https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5955-4057 Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia author Prokopenko, Sergey Independent Researcher, Novosibirsk, Russia author Султанов, Ринат Independent Researcher, Moscow, Russia author Kobuzeva, Irina Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, SB RAS, Irkutsk, Russia author Dorofeev, Nikolay Independent Researcher, Cheboksary, Russia author Yakovlev, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-4047 Independent Researcher, Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia author Danilevsky, Yuriy Central Chernozem Reserve, Kursk Oblast, Russia author Zolotukhina, Irina Independent Researcher, Ufa, Russia author Yumagulov, Damir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8575-5944 Institute of the Problems of Northern Development, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Tyumen, Russia author Glazunov, Valerii https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0344-024X Independent Researcher, Volzhsk, Mari El Republic, Russia author Bakutov, Vladimir NUST MISIS, Moscow, Russia author Danilin, Andrey https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-7371 Independent Researcher, Perm Krai, Russia author Pavlov, Igor Tver State University, Tver, Russia author Pushay, Elena Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity, RAS, Moscow, Russia author Tikhonova, Elena Independent Researcher, Asino, Tomsk Oblast, Russia author Samodurov, Konstantin Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia author Epikhin, Dmitrii Ogarev Mordovia State University, Saransk, Russia author Silaeva, Tatyana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1263-0619 Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Tuva State University, Kyzyl, Russia author Pyak, Andrei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6055-7973 Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Researche Centre, RAS, Ufa, Russia author Fedorova, Yulia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-4996 Independent Researcher, Neftekamsk, Russia author Samarin, Evgeniy Visim State Natural Biosphere Reserve, Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia author Shilov, Denis Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Borodulina, Valentina Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia author Kropocheva, Ekaterina Sebezhsky Museum of Local Lore, Sebezh, Pskov Oblast, Russia author Kosenkov, Gennadiy Independent Researcher, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia author Bury, Uladzimir Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russia author Mitroshenkova, Anna Independent Researcher, Sevastopol, Russia author Karpenko, Tatiana Mountain Botanical Garden, Dagestan Federal Research Centre, RAS, Makhachkala, Russia author Osmanov, Ruslan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4857-6354 Zubov State Oceanographic Institute, Moscow, Russia author Kozlova, Maria Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Gavrilova, Tatiana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9688-2014 Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, RAS, Moscow, Russia Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin, Samara Federal Research Center, RAS, Togliatti, Russia author Senator, Stepan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1932-2475 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Khomutovskiy, Maxim Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems, Kola Science Centre, RAS, Apatity, Russia author Borovichev, Eugene Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia author Filippov, Ilya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3639-553X Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada author Ponomarenko, Serguei Independent Researcher, Tyumen, Russia author Shumikhina, Elena Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Lyskov, Dmitry Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, RAS, Borok, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia author Belyakov, Evgeny https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8465-9037 Avrorin Polar-Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute, RAS, Apatity, Russia Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Kozhin, Mikhail https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0153-0287 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia author Poryadin, Leonid Komarov Botanical Institute, RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia author Leostrin, Artem https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9269-7954 2020-10-02 2020-10-02 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e59250 2020 funder Russian Science Foundation 10.13039/501100006769 funder Russian Foundation for Basic Research 10.13039/501100002261 10.3897/arphapreprints.e59250 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59250/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59250/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59250/download/xml/ The "Flora of Russia" project on iNaturalist brought together professional scientists and amateur naturalists from all over the country. Over 10,000 people are involved in the data collection.Within 20 months the participants accumulated over 750,000 photo observations of 6,853 species of the Russian flora. This constitutes the largest dataset of open spatial data on the country’s biodiversity and a leading source of data on the current state of the national flora. About 85% of all project data are available under free licenses (CC0, CC-BY, CC-BY-NC) and can be freely used in scientific, educational and environmental activities. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers "Flora of Russia" on iNaturalist: a dataset Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e59800 2020-11-04 preprints

Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, Yunnan, China author Xu, Zu-Chang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-1061 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Liu, Jing-Xia Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Li, De-Zhu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4990-724X 2020-11-04 2020-11-04 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e59800 2020 funder Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences 10.13039/501100011190 10.3897/arphapreprints.e59800 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59800/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59800/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/59800/download/xml/ Gigantochloa glabrata N. H. Xia & Y. Zeng ex D. Z. Li & Z. C. Xu, a new species of paleotropical woody bamboo was described and illustrated from Yunnan, China. The new species is morphologically similar to G. albociliata and G. levis but differs from them by having an erect culm sheath blade; culm sheath ligule 4-6 mm high, truncate, denticulate; and a ring of white tomentum on the intranode and below the node. Based on the morphological features, this species is assigned to Gigantochloa. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers New species paleotropical woody bamboos Gigantochloa Yunnan Gigantochloa glabrata (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Yunnan, China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e60028 2020-11-04 preprints

CESAB, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité, Montpellier, France Ecologie, Systématique and Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS,Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles (1st authorship shared between the first two authors), Paris, France author Ballesteros Mejia, Liliana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2790-8652 Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS,Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles (1st authorship shared between the first two authors), Paris, France author Arnal, Pierre Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America author Hallwachs, Winnie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-809X Correspondent of Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France Associate researcher of Insectarium de Montréal, Quebec, Canada author Haxaire, Jean University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America author Janzen, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7335-5107 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom author Kitching, Ian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4738-5967 Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France author Rougerie, Rodolphe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0937-2815 2020-11-04 2020-11-04 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e60028 2020 funder Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite 10.13039/501100003137 funder Agence Nationale de la Recherche 10.13039/501100001665 10.3897/arphapreprints.e60028 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60028/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60028/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60028/download/xml/ Herbivorous insects represent a major fraction of global biodiversity and the relationships they have established with their food plants range from strict specialists to broad generalists. Our knowledge of these relationships is of primary importance to basic (e.g. the study of insect ecology and evolution) and applied biology (e.g. monitoring of pest or invasive species), and yet remains very fragmentary and understudied. In Lepidoptera, caterpillars of families Saturniidae and Sphingidae are rather well known and considered to have adopted contrasting preferences in their use of food plants. The former are regarded as being rather generalist feeders, whereas the latter are more specialist.To assemble and synthesize the vast amount of existing data on food plants of Lepidoptera families Saturniidae and Sphingidae, we combined three major existing databases to produce a dataset collating more than 26,000 records for 1256 species (25% of all species) in 121 (67%) and 167 (81%) genera of Saturniidae and Sphingidae, respectively. This dataset is used here to document the level of polyphagy of each of these genera using summary statistics as well as the calculation of a polyphagy score derived from the analysis of Phylogenetic Diversity of the food plants used by the species in each genus. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Lepidoptera food plant ecology life-history traits caterpillar polyphagy A global food plant dataset for wild silkmoths and hawkmoths, and its use in documenting polyphagy of their caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea: Saturniidae, Sphingidae) Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e60362 2020-11-04 preprints

CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal author Costa, Dimitri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5399-2483 UFPB - Federal University of Paraíba, DCB - Department of Biological Sciences, Areia, Brazil author Prata, Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0954-5459 UFPB - Federal University of Paraíba, DSE - Department of Systematics and Ecology, João Pessoa, Brazil author Christoffersen, Martin 2020-11-04 2020-11-04 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e60362 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e60362 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60362/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60362/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60362/download/xml/ Polychaetes are typical marine invertebrates in the macroalgae and coral reefs environments, with a particular emphasis on tropical waters. In this study, 44 specimens were collected, belonging to 10 families, 13 genera and 13 species, among which the families Nereididae (with three species) and Amphinomidae (two spp.) were the most representative. The species Terebella plagiostoma (10 individuals), Ceratonereis singularis (9) and Eurythoe complanata (9) were the most abundant.This work represents the first study of polychaetes performed at the Morro de São Paulo region (Tinharé Island), a protected island from Northeast Brazil (state of Bahia). The samples (algae in the fringing reef ecosystems) were collected in 2015, at low tide in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. The species Hyboscolex longiseta Schmarda, 1861 is reported here for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean. The errant polychaetes predominated at the collected samples (61.36% of the total abundance). These numbers evidence how little we know about coastal marine invertebrate fauna in Brazil and indicate the need for further sampling, especially on protected islands. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Marine worms  Morro de São Paulo  Northeast Brazilian taxonomy new records Polychaetes (Annelida) associated with macroalgae and coral reefs at a protected tropical island from the Atlantic coast Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e60597 2020-11-13 preprints

Wildlife.ai, New Plymouth, New Zealand author Anton, Victor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1471-5571 Combine AB, Gothenburg, Sweden author Germishuys, Jannes SeAnalytics AB, Gothenburg, Sweden Department of Marine Sciences, Göteborg University, Gothenburg, Sweden author Obst, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-9631 2020-11-13 2020-11-13 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e60597 2020 funder Vetenskapsrådet 10.13039/501100004359 funder VINNOVA 10.13039/501100001858 10.3897/arphapreprints.e60597 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60597/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60597/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/60597/download/xml/ This paper describes a data system to analyse large amounts of subsea movie data for marine ecological research. The system consists of three distinct modules for data management and archiving, citizen science, and machine learning in a high performance computation environment. It allows scientists to upload underwater footage to a customised citizen science website hosted by Zooniverse, where volunteers from the public classify the footage. Classifications with high agreement among citizen scientists are then used to train machine learning algorithms. An application programming interface allows researchers to test the algorithms and track biological objects in new footage. We tested our system using recordings from remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) in a Marine Protected Area, the Kosterhavet National Park in Sweden. Results indicate a strong decline of cold-water corals in the park over a period of 15 years, showing that our system allows to effectively extract valuable occurrence and abundance data for key ecological species from underwater footage. We argue that the combination of citizen science tools, machine learning, and high performance computers are key to successfully analyse large amounts of image data in the future, suggesting that these services should be consolidated and interlinked by national and international research infrastructures.Novel information system to analyse marine underwater footage. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers marine biodiversity autonomous underwater vehicles remotely operated vehicles artificial intelligence big data image analysis participatory science Essential Biodiversity Variables research infrastructure A system for automated analysis of subsea movies using citizen science and machine learning Software Description

10.3897/arphapreprints.e61065 2020-11-24 preprints

author Mvogo Ndongo, Pierre A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1581-2557 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany author von Rintelen, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-3078 Northern Michigan University, Michigan, United States of America author Cumberlidge, Neil 2020-11-24 2020-11-24 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e61065 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e61065 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61065/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61065/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61065/download/xml/ A new species of freshwater crab of the genus Potamonemus Cumberlidge & Clark, 1992, is described from Mount Manengouba Reserve and the Bakossi National Park in the tropical rainforests of southwestern Cameroon, Central Africa. Potamonemus man n. sp. is recognized by characters of the carapace and chelipeds. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of three mitochondrial DNA genes (COI, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) that included representatives of all other freshwater crab genera found in Cameroon recovered each of the new species as a distinct lineage. A diagnosis and illustrations of the new species are provided, and it is compared to the other species in this genus. Brief notes are provided on the ecology of the new species and the two other species of Potamonemus. An identification key to the species of Potamonemus is provided and its conservation status discussed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Morphological comparison Potamonemus man sp. nov. conservation southwest Cameroon identification key A new species of the freshwater crab genus Potamonemus Cumberlidge & Clark, 1992 (Crustacea: Potamonautidae) endemic to the forested highlands of southwest Cameroon, Central Africa Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e61100 2020-11-24 preprints

author Lu, Yajun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-6570 Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China., Haikou, Hainan , China author Yang, Siqi Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China., Haikou, Hainan , China author Liu, Jingwen Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China., Haikou, Hainan , China author Lu, Xixi Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education and School of Tropical Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China., Haikou, Hainan , China author Zhao, Qiuyu 2020-11-24 2020-11-24 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e61100 2020 funder Hainan Medical University 10.13039/501100007935 10.3897/arphapreprints.e61100 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61100/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61100/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61100/download/xml/ DNA barcoding based on universal gene markers is a fast, accurate, and innovative approach for the molecular discrimination of species. Some species are particularly difficult to discriminate using a traditional morphological identification method because of severely damaged morphological features. In this study, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1) were used as barcoding markers to distinguish Taenia hydatigena in dogs on the tropical island of Hainan. Therefore, geographic differentiation based on the COI and ND1 sequences amongst the specimens and other geographic isolates in GenBank was determined by calculating the genetic distances according to the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model and constructing a phylogenetic tree using the neighbour-joining (NJ) method. Barcoding gap, base composition, and base saturation were tested to assess the effectiveness of the barcoding marker COI and ND1 genes for specimen identification. In addition, we analysed the barcoding gap and saturation and performed molecular evolutionary analysis of the intraspecies and interspecies diversity of Taenia. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I DNA barcodes NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 Taenia hydatigena COI and ND1 as DNA barcodes to identify Taenia hydatigena (Cestoda: Taeniidae) from canine small intestine on Hainan Island in China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e61346 2020-11-25 preprints

Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China author Lai, Shengchang author Wang, Jianguo Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China author Zhang, Ling University of Florida, Gainesville, United States of America author Li, You https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9952-9542 2020-11-25 2020-11-25 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e61346 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e61346 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61346/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61346/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61346/download/xml/ This study describes a new species, Crossotarsus beaveri Lai & Wang, sp. nov.,  designates a new combination, C. brevis (Browne, 1975, from Platypus Herbst, 1793), comb. nov., and notes a new record, C. emorsus Beeson, 1937, from China. Genetic data from four genes indicate that the new species and C. brevis form a clade clustered with other Crossotarsus species. Molecular phylogeny and morphological characters support their taxonomic placement. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ambrosia beetle Fujian Jiangxi molecular phylogeny pinhole borer taxonomy A new species, a new combination, and a new record of Crossotarsus Chapuis, 1865 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae) from China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e61912 2020-12-10 preprints

National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Kim, Hyun Woo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-0625 National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Yoon, Sungsoo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4712-8004 National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Kim, Mokyoung National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Shin, Man-seok https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-2510 National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Yoon, Heenam National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon-gun, South Korea author Kim, Kidong https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-6999 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e61912 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e61912 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61912/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61912/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/61912/download/xml/ Environmental crisis challenges the human race harder than ever before. Ecologists have produced a massive amount of data to cope with the crisis. Accordingly, many national scale ecological database systems have been developed worldwide to manage and analyze these datasets. However, in Korea, ecological datasets produced by different research institutes for different purposes have not been integrated or serviced due to the lack of a well-designed information infrastructure. To address this obstacle, we present EcoBank (www.nie-ecobank.kr), an open, web-based ecological database platform designed to play an important role in ecosystem analysis not only in Korea but also worldwide.The architecture of EcoBank comprises core technologies of WebGIS, Application Programming Interface (API), responsive web, and open-source software (OSS). Huge ecological datasets from 3 different sources, including the National Institute of Ecology (NIE) in Korea, related domestic and international platforms and repositories, pass through the three conceptual modules in EcoBank: data management, analysis, and service. Diverse potential stakeholders of EcoBank can be classified into three groups: researchers, policymakers, and public users. EcoBank aims to expand its horizons through mutual communication between these stakeholders. We opened and launched EcoBank service from December 2019, and now began to broaden its network by linking to other data platforms and repositories over the globe to find possible solutions to ecological issues in Korea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers EcoBank ecological database platform responsive web WebGIS stakeholders EcoBank: A flexible database platform for sharing ecological data Software Description

10.3897/arphapreprints.e62027 2020-12-14 preprints

Kyungpook National Uvinersity, Daegu, South Korea author Ryu, Jihun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4387-4683 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea author Kim, Young-Kun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-4379 School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea author Suh, Sang Jae https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-3193 Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea School of Life Science, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea author Choi, Kwang Shik 2020-12-14 2020-12-14 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e62027 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e62027 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62027/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62027/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62027/download/xml/ Dokdo, an island toward the East Coast of South Korea, comprises 89 small islands. Dokdo is a volcanic island created by a volcanic eruption that promoted the formation of Ulleungdo (located in the East sea), which is ~87.525 km away from Dokdo. Dokdo is an important island because of geopolitics; however, because of certain investigation barriers such as weather and time constraints, the awareness of its insect fauna is less compared to that of Ulleungdo. Dokdo’s insect fauna was obtained as 10 orders, 74 families, and 165 species until 2017; subsequently, from 2018 to 2019, 23 unrecorded species were discovered via an insect survey.As per a recent study, the database of insect species on Dokdo has been identified as 10 orders, 81 families, 188 species, and 23 undetermined species. This database has been registered to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF; www.GBIF.org), and is the first record for Dokdo’s insect fauna. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Biodiversity Dokdo insect fauna newly recorded species insect database The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version includes 22 newly recorded species on the island and one species in Korea Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e62053 2020-12-15 preprints

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia author Bogdanović, Sandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-6059 University of Catania, Catania, Italy author Brullo, Salvatore https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2568-7278 University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy author Salmeri, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5261-590X 2020-12-15 2020-12-15 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e62053 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e62053 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62053/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62053/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62053/download/xml/ A new species, Loncomelos koprulense (Asparagaceae), is described and illustrated from southern Turkey. It is a very rare endemic species growing on small semi-rocky escarpments within the Köprülü Kanyon in the province of Antalya. Morphologically for its hairy leaves, L. koprulense shows some relationships with L. malatyanum and L. tardum, species localized in Anatolia too. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 2x = 22. The identification key to L. koprulense and its allied species is provided, as well as their geographical distribution map. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Asparagaceae distribution karyology Loncomelos Ornithogaleae taxonomy Loncomelos koprulense (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Turkey Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e62570 2020-12-30 preprints

Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou , China author Hong, Wu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-1609 Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China author Yongjun, Han Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China author Hongbo, Chang 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 2020 ARPHA Preprints 1 e62570 2020 10.3897/arphapreprints.e62570 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62570/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62570/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62570/download/xml/ The molecular expression profiles of zebrafish ep2a and ep4b have not been defined to-date. Phylogenetic trees of EP2a and EP4b in zebrafish and other species revealed that human EP4 and zebrafish EP4b were more closely related than EP2a. Zebrafish EP2a is a 281 amino acid protein with high identity to that of human (43%), mouse (44%), rat (43%), dog (44%), cattle (41%), and chicken (41%). Zebrafish EP4b encoded a precursor of 497 amino acids with high amino acid identity to that of mammals, including human (57%), mouse (54%), rat (55%), dog (55%), cattle (56%), and chicken (54%). Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed that ep2a was robustly expressed in the anterior four somites at the 10-somites stages, but was absent in the somites at 19 hpf. It was observed again in the pronephric duct at 24 hpf, in the intermediate cell mass located in the trunk, and in the rostral blood island at 30 hpf. Ep2a was also expressed in the notochord at 48 hpf. During somitogenesis, ep4b was highly expressed in the eyes, somites, and the trunk neural crest. From 30 to 48 hpf, ep4b could be detected in the posterior cardinal vein and the neighboring ICM. From these data, we conclude that ep2a and ep4b are conserved in vertebrates and that the presence of ep2a and ep4b transcripts during developmental stages infers their role during early zebrafish larval development. In addition, the variable expression of the two receptor isoforms was strongly suggestive of divergent roles of molecular regulation. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers ep2a ep4b expression whole-mount in situ hybridization zebrafish Molecular characterization of the prostaglandin E receptor subtypes 2a and 4b and their expression patterns during embryogenesis in zebrafish Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e62882 2021-01-07 preprints

Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium author Verloove, Filip https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4144-2422 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e62882 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e62882 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62882/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62882/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/62882/download/xml/ Recent fieldwork by the author in Tenerife, mostly between 2014 and 2019, yielded new records of alien vascular plants.Seventeen taxa (Acacia decurrens, A. mearnsii, Brachychiton diversifolius, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Ensete ventricosum, Eucalyptus camaldulensis subsp. arida, E. cladocalyx, Euryops chrysanthemoides, Ficus elastica, Lippia alba, Pavonia sepioides, Pittosporum tobira, Populus ×canadensis, Pyrostegia venusta, Ruellia dipteracanthus, Soleirolia soleirolii and Wigandia kunthii) are reported for the first time from the Canary Islands. All were initially introduced on purpose, mostly as ornamentals, and recently started to escape from cultivation. Most of them are ephemerals or only locally established but nearly all have the potential to naturalize in the future. Thirteen additional species are reported for the first time from Tenerife: Atriplex nummularia, Bellis perennis, Chenopodium probstii, Coccoloba uvifera, Commelina benghalensis, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Eragrostis virescens, Lemna minuta, Malvastrum corchorifolium, Plerandra elegantissima, Psidium guajava, Thunbergia alata and Urochloa subquadripara. Finally, some miscellaneous notes are provided on the presence of Balanites aegyptiaca, Callistemon viminalis, Grevillea robusta and Passiflora caerulea in Tenerife. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers aliens Canary Islands ephemerophytes naturalization range expansion secondary distribution area Spain Tenerife New records in vascular plants alien to Tenerife (Spain, Canary Islands) Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e63082 2021-01-13 preprints

Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America author Wetzer, Regina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-5150 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, United States of America author Wall, Adam Museum of Tropical Queensland, Townsville, Queensland, Australia author Bruce, Niel 2021-01-13 2021-01-13 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e63082 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e63082 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63082/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63082/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63082/download/xml/ Gnorimosphaeroma oregonense (Dana, 1852) is revised, a male neotype is designated, photographed, and illustrated; the species occurs from Vancouver British Columbia to the central California coast. 16S-rDNA sequences (~650 bp) for all available ethanol preserved species of Gnorimosphaeroma were used to hypothesize their relationships. Our analyses revealed a sister taxon relationship between the fully marine G. oregonense and the brackish to freshwater species, G. noblei. The oyster associated and introduced G. rayi is sister to a previously not recognized or identified, but genetically distinct, Gnorimosphaeroma sp. collected at two sites in San Francisco Bay. Gnorimosphaeroma sp. is probably also a western Pacific species based on its genetic relationship to G. rayi. Photographic comparisons are offered for G. oregonense (marine), G. noblei (freshwater), G. rayi (introduced), G. sp. (presumably introduced), and G. insulare (San Nicolas Island). Records of the holdings at the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History are summarized. Without material available north of Vancouver through Alaska, the range of G. oregonense could not be genetically verified. This review includes a diagnosis and description of the genus Gnorimosphaeroma Menzes, 1954. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Isopoda Sphaeromatidae Gnorimosphaeroma Washington San Francisco Bay Tomales Bay East Pacific intertidal freshwater brackish California Redescription of Gnorimosphaeroma oregonense (Dana, 1853) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae), designation of neotype, and 16S-rDNA molecular phylogeny of the north-eastern Pacific species Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e63201 2021-01-15 preprints

University of Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Cabras, Analyn https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-1651 University of Mindanao, Davao, Philippines author Medina, Milton Norman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-8048 Museo di Storia naturale del Salento, 73021 , Calimera (Lecce), Italy author Bollino, Maurizio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-8453 2021-01-15 2021-01-15 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e63201 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e63201 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63201/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63201/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63201/download/xml/ Two new Metapocyrtus Heller, 1912, subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller, 1912 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Pachyrhynchini) are described and illustrated from Mindanao Island, Philippines. The species are Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) davaoensis sp.n. and Metapocyrtus (Orthocyrtus) hirakui sp.n. from Davao City and Bukidnon respectively. Brief bionomical notes and phenotypic characters compared to their sympatric Entiminae counterparts are also reported. The discovery of M. (O.) davaoensis sp.n. in Davao City confirms how understudied coleoptera are in Mindanao, and underlines the potential for the discovery of new species even in highly urbanized areas.     text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Bukidnon Davao City Mindanao Island Pachyrhynchini urban biodiversity weevils Two new species of the genus Metapocyrtus Heller 1912 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrynchini), subgenus Orthocyrtus Heller 1912, from Mindanao Island, Philippines Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e63922 2021-02-03 preprints

Tsinghua University, Beijing, China author Qiu, Jun Qinghai University, Xining, China author Ma, Cang author Li, Fang-Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-5284 2021-02-03 2021-02-03 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e63922 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e63922 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63922/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63922/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63922/download/xml/ Plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) are regarded as one of the main reasons for the degradation of alpine meadows in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). The population density of plateau pikas is directly related to the degree of grassland damage. In this study, a one-week field observation was conducted in the southeastern QTP in August 2019. Based on the photos and videos, the random encounter model (REM) was used to estimate the population density of plateau pikas, and the frequency of different behaviors was counted. The effects of water source distance and terrain on the distribution of plateau pikas were also investigated. In addition, the frequency of different behaviors of plateau pikas under different population densities was also explored. The observations and knowledge derived from this study provide a reference for the population control of plateau pikas. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers field observations population density Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) random encounter model (REM) The distribution and behavioral characteristics of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e63933 2021-02-03 preprints

Guangxi Institute of Botany, CAS, Guilin, China Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin, China author Wen, Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3889-8835 Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China author Xin, Zi-Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0062-6930 Gesneriad Conservation Center of China, Guilin, China author Chou, Wei-Chuen The Gesneriad Society, Philadelphia, United States of America author Maciejewski, Stephen Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin, China author Fu, Long-Fei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8708-4718 2021-02-03 2021-02-03 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e63933 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e63933 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63933/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63933/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63933/download/xml/ Primulina papillosa Z.B. Xin, W.C. Chou & F. Wen, a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. It resembles P. linearifolia (W.T. Wang) Yin Z. Wang and P. pseudolinearifolia W.B. Xu & K.F. Chung, but can be easily distinguished by some combined characters, especially its leaf blades densely papillose-hispid. We found only one population at the type locality with no more than 200 individuals so that this new species is provisionally assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) using IUCN criteria. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cliff-dwelling flora of Guangxi limestone flora new taxon taxonomy Primulina papillosa (Gesneriaceae), a new species from limestone areas of Guangxi, China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e63951 2021-02-04 preprints

author Qiu, Shuting Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory ofMarine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Chen, Bin Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory ofMarine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China author Du, Jianguo Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia author Loh, Kar-Hoe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-6485 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Liao, Jianji Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Guangxi, China author Liu, Xinming Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Yang, Wen 2021-02-04 2021-02-04 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e63951 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e63951 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63951/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63951/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/63951/download/xml/ The Xisha Islands are composed of the Yongle Islands and the Xuande Islands in Hainan province, China. It has one of the highest species diversities in the world and is also a typical oceanic distribution area of coral reefs globally. The ichthyofauna of the Xisha Islands were recorded by underwater visual census in May 2019 and July 2020. The survey data were combined with previous records of species into the checklist of the Xisha Islands presented herein. A total of 691 species belonging to 24 orders and 97 families was recorded. The major families were Labridae, Pomacentridae, Serranidae, Chaetodontidae, Hexanchidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae, Gobiidae, Scorpaenidae, and Carangidae. In this study, the coral fish diversity index (CFDI) of six families (Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, and Acanthuridae) was 229, indicating 756 coral fishes. In terms of the IUCN Red List, one species is Critically Endangered (Glyphis gangeticus), six species are Endangered (Stegostoma fasciatum, Aetomylaeus maculatus, Aetomylaeus vespertilio, Epinephelus akaara, Cheilinusundulatus sp., and Xiphias gladius), 16 species are Vulnerable, and 13 species are Near Threatened in the Xisha Archipelago, so conservation should be strengthened in this area in the future.One species is a new record for China (Dischistodus pseudochrysopoecilus) and 23 species are newly found in the Xisha Islands. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ichthyofauna Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) Xisha Islands newly recorded species Checklist of the coral fish fauna of Xisha Islands, China Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64044 2021-02-08 preprints

Rectorate of Limoges, Limoges, France author BELLE MBOU OKASSA, Mireille https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4033-1731 Rectorate of Limoges, Limoges, France author DIBANGOU, Valention Rectorate of Limoges, Limoges, France author NIANGA, Grace Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo author MBAMA NTABI, Dollon Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo author LENGA, Arsène 2021-02-08 2021-02-08 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64044 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64044 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64044/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64044/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64044/download/xml/ Several individuals belonging to the genus Euseius, have been collected from three host plants (cassava, okra, and chilli) in the Republic of the Congo. Previous molecular and morphological analysis (integrative approach) have shown that 1) morphological differences existed between the Euseius sp. and both E. neodossei and E. fustis, and 2) both mitochondrial DNA fragments considered (i.e., 12S rRNA and ITSS) showed a clear delineation between Euseius sp. and E. fustis. It was not possible to compare these species with E. neodossei (a morphologically close species) owing to the lack of DNA sequences in GenBank for this species. The purpose of this study was to describe a news species Euseius congolensis sp. nov from Republic of the Congo. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Traditional taxonomy Morphometric measurements Euseius congolensis nsp Vegetable crops A new species of the genus Euseius Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Republic of Congo  Short Communication

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64141 2021-02-08 preprints

author Wu, Qiong https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1427-0502 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources , XiaMen, China author Xing, BingPeng Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC, XiaMen, China author Lin, Mao Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC; Observation and Research Station of Coastal Wetland Ecosystem in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Natural Resources , XiaMen, China author Chen, GuangCheng Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, PRC, XiaMen, China author Wang, ChunGuang 2021-02-08 2021-02-08 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64141 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64141 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64141/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64141/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64141/download/xml/ The Ovulidae are the most ecologically diverse family of the order Littorinimorpha. And the Sandalia is a small genus containing only three species. In the present study, we collected 44 specimens of Ovulidae (Gastropoda: Cypraeacea), belonging to six genera and eight species, including 20 Sandalia bridgesi and 2 Sandalia triticea individuals. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI), 16S rRNA, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were obtained from the specimens and compared with sequences downloaded from GenBank to calculate genetic distances and construct phylogenetic trees. The sequences of S. bridgesi and S. triticea exhibited a high degree of similarity, and the S. bridgesi does not formed a separate clade, supporting the proposition that S. bridgesi should be considered a synonym of S. triticea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers molecular phylogeny Ovulidae Sandalia synonymy COI ITS 16S Molecular phylogeny suggests synonymy of Sandalia bridgesi within Sandalia triticea (Gastropoda: Ovulidae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64247 2021-02-10 preprints

Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt author El-Hawagry, Magdi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-5265 King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia author Al Dhafer, Hathal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-2332 King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia author Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-1740 California Department of Food & Agriculture, Sacramento, United States of America author Hauser, Martin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6368-3529 2021-02-10 2021-02-10 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64247 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64247 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64247/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64247/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64247/download/xml/ This study systematically catalogues all known taxa of the family Stratiomyidae in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. It is one in a series of planned studies aiming to catalogue the whole order in both countries.Twenty species belonging to seven genera and three subfamilies (Pachygastrinae, Stratiomyinae and Nemotelinae) are treated. One of these genera, Oplodontha, and two species, Oplodontha pulchriceps Loew and Oxycera turcica Üstüner & Hasbenli, are recorded herein for the first time from Saudi Arabia. A lectotype for Nemotelus matrouhensis Mohammad et al., 2009 is designated. An updated classification, synonymies, type localities, world and local distributions, dates of collection and some colored photographs are provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Soldier-flies local distribution dates of collection new records The family Stratiomyidae in Egypt and Saudi Arabia (Diptera: Stratiomyoidea) Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64556 2021-02-17 preprints

Foshan University, Foshan, China author Feng, Shuo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3103-4177 South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, China author Chen, Qing-Hua Foshan University, Foshan, China author Guo, Zhao-Liang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6979-5193 2021-02-17 2021-02-17 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64556 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64556 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64556/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64556/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64556/download/xml/ Collecting much-needed information on the taxonomy, distribution, and ecology of cave-dwelling shrimp is the foundation for addressing urgent challenges in conservation biodiversity and these fragile ecosystems. Caridina unicolor sp. nov., a new atyid shrimp from an underground stream of Yaoshui Cave, Daqikong scenic area, Libo County, Guizhou Province, southwestern China is described based on morphology and DNA analysis (mitochondrial COI). Caridina unicolor sp. nov. differs from epigean congeners by the variable eye, ranging from reduced to blind; colorless body and appendages; the long stylocerite and sixth abdominal segment; and relatively large eggs. In comparison to other cave species, Caridina unicolor sp. nov. presents a long rostrum and stylocerite; the slender sixth abdominal segment; and the unique shape of appendix masculina. The data on the habitat, ecology, and the levels of threat are provided and suggest that it be categorized as Critically Endangered (CR). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Caridina COI freshwater biodiversity southwestern China spelaeology taxonomy conservation biodiversity Utilizing integrative taxonomy uncovers a new stygobiotic Caridina species (Decapoda: Caridea: Atyidae) from Guizhou Province, China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64602 2021-02-18 preprints

USDA Forest Service, Athens , United States of America author Vogt, James https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-1784 USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, United States of America author Olatinwo, Rabiu US Forest Service, Athens, United States of America author Ulyshen, Michael USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Athens, United States of America author Lucardi, Rima Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States of America author McKenney, Jessica 2021-02-18 2021-02-18 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64602 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64602 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64602/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64602/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64602/download/xml/ Throughout history a great many plant species have been purposefully transported to new areas around the globe. Horticulture, the promise of new sources of plant material for industry, forage, food, and stabilization of soil are only a few of the motives for the early transcontinental exchange of plants. Many introductions have been beneficial or benign, however, some plants introduced into new areas are now considered invasive and detrimentally impact the environment. Chinese tallowtree [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small] (Euphorbiaceae) is an excellent example of the best intentions leading to unanticipated negative effects many decades later. Native to eastern Asia and now naturalized and widespread in many tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas in the world, Chinese tallowtree has proven to be one of the worst woody invasive plants. It is known for shading out native vegetation, capable of dominating areas following disturbance or even invading previously diverse undisturbed habitats. It is prevalent in the southern United States, especially along the Gulf Coast. Investigations into classical biological control of Chinese tallowtree have yielded at least two promising candidates but have raised objections among beekeepers and beekeeping organizations who prize the quality honey produced from an abundant spring nectar flow. In this review we discuss Chinese tallowtree’s invasive characteristics, detrimental effects, potential use as a biomass crop, and demonstrated or potential direct and indirect effects on native and non-native pollinators. We review the current state of identification and screening of biological control agents. Four research questions are presented which are designed to fill gaps in our knowledge of Chinese tallowtree and pollinators. Classical biological control has the potential to reduce Chinese tallowtree populations across the landscape, which would likely result in greater understory and tree diversity, benefitting native and exotic pollinators. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers beekeeping European honey bee invasive species nectar flow understory restoration A brief review of Triadica sebifera (Chinese tallowtree) in the southern United States, emphasizing pollinator impacts and classical biological control Review Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e64986 2021-02-24 preprints

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada author Schmidt, Christian https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-7629 Centre de données sur le patrimoine naturel du Québec - ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, gouvernement du Québec, Quebec, Canada author Anctil, Alexandre 2021-02-24 2021-02-24 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e64986 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e64986 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64986/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64986/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/64986/download/xml/ The geometrid moth Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner, 1789) was introduced from Europe to North America, first detected in British Columbia in 1973. Until 2019, its North American range was limited to a restricted area of the Pacific Northwest. Here, we report on the first records of H. aestivaria for eastern North America from three widely separated urban centers in eastern Canada during 2019-2020. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Alien species invasive species exotic species Geometrinae citizen science Hemithea aestivaria (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a Palaearctic moth new to eastern North America Short Communication

10.3897/arphapreprints.e65054 2021-02-25 preprints

Herbarium Mediterraneum, Palermo, Italy Botanisches Museum, Berlin, Germany author Greuter, Werner Jardín botánico nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba author Rankin Rodríguez, Rosa 2021-02-25 2021-02-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e65054 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e65054 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65054/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65054/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65054/download/xml/ A peculiar habitat type found in the savannas of Central Cuba, Villa Clara province, and characterized by the presence of a surface gravel layer of “perdigones”, an assemblage of small ferralitic concretions, upon the “mocarrero” soil prevailing in the area, is described. On sterile gravel patches only one species grows: Elytraria serpens, a new species decribed and named here. It is noteworthy for possessing long and wide creeping, stoloniform subterranean peduncles with apical gemmae developing into rooting leaf rosettes enabling vegetative propagation. The new species is close to E. shaferi and considered to derive from the latter by adaptive evolution enabling it to survive in its hostile habitat, sheltered from the competition of other plant species. Small soil insects, e.g. ants, are believed to act as pollinators. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Acanthaceae Cuba Elytraria “mocarrero” soil myrmecophyly new species “perdigón” vegetative propagation Villa Clara province On a noteworthy habitat type in the savannas of Central Cuba and a remarkable new species of Elytraria (Acanthaceae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e65804 2021-03-12 preprints

University of Idaho, Moscow, United States of America author Borowiec, Marek https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7510-4064 Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America author Dilworth, Kayla Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America author Cohen, Abigail Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America author Mickelson, Gabrielle Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America author Oeller, Elisabeth Washington State University, Pullman, United States of America author Crowder, David author Clark, Robert https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-6251 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e65804 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e65804 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65804/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65804/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65804/download/xml/ Grasslands are globally imperiled ecosystems due to widespread conversion to agriculture, and there is a concerted effort to catalogue arthropod diversity in grasslands to guide conservation decisions. The Palouse Prairie is one such endangered grassland; a mid-elevation habitat found in Washington and Idaho, United States. Ants (Formicidae) are useful indicators of biodiversity and historical ecological disturbance, but there has been no structured sampling of ants in the Palouse Prairie. To fill this gap, we employed a rapid inventory sampling approach using pitfall traps to capture peak ant activity in five habitat fragments. We complemented our survey with a systemic review of field studies for the ant species found in Palouse Prairie. Our field inventory yielded 17 ant species across 10 genera, and our models estimate the total ant species pool to be 27. The highest ant diversity was found in an actively managed ecological trust in Latah County, Idaho, suggesting that restoration efforts may increase biodiversity. We also report two rarely collected ants in the Pacific Northwest, and a microgyne that may represent an undescribed species related to Brachymyrmex depilis. Our score-counting review revealed that grassland ants in Palouse prairie have rarely been studied previously, and that more ant surveys in temperate grasslands have lagged behind sampling efforts of other global biomes. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Palouse Prairie ant biodiversity rapid species inventory agroecosystems insect conservation prairies Ants of the Palouse Prairie: diversity and species composition in an endangered grassland Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e65853 2021-03-12 preprints

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America author Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0946-8668 2021-03-12 2021-03-12 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e65853 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e65853 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65853/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65853/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65853/download/xml/ 11 species of Marsdenia occurring in the West Indies are transferred to the genus Ruehssia (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae) text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Greater Antilles Jamaica Hispaniola Puerto Rico Lesser Antilles Transfer of West Indian Marsdenia to Ruehssia (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae) Short Communication

10.3897/arphapreprints.e65955 2021-03-15 preprints

Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India author Satapathy, Kunja Bihari Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India author Pradhan, Srimay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-5922 CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India author Kumar Upreti, Dalip 2021-03-15 2021-03-15 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e65955 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e65955 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65955/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65955/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65955/download/xml/ A total of 96 species of lichens taxa belonging to 45 genera and 20 families are enumerated from Similipal Biosphere Reserve, in Mayurbhanj district as an addition to the lichen biota of Odisha, India. Most of the crustose lichen taxa usually growing as epiphytes on different phorophytes of the biosphere reserve exhibit their dominance. Among crustose lichens the members of family Graphidaceae with 26 species of 14 genera shown their maximum dominance. Together with Graphidaceae the lichen genus Pyrenula represented by 15 species found growing luxuriantly on smooth barked trees of the biosphere reserve. The dominant trees in the biosphere such as Shorea robusta Gaertn. followed by Mangifera indica L., Simarouba glauca DC. and Madhuca longifolia (L.) J. F. Macbr., provided suitable habitat for a number of lichen taxa to colonize. The south-west (SW) region of Similipal Biosphere Reserve exhibits the maximum additions of lichens, followed by north-west (NW), north-east (NE) and south-east (SE) respectively. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ascomycota Biodiversity Lichenized fungi Mayurbhanj Addition of 96 lichen species to the state of Odisha from Similipal Biosphere Reserve Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e65983 2021-03-16 preprints

Biogénesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 73 #73A-79, Medellín, Colombia author Olivera-Angel, Martha Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia author Pulgarín-R, Paulo Biogénesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 73 #73A-79, Medellín, Colombia author Ortíz, Luisa Biogénesis, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Cl. 73 #73A-79, Medellín, Colombia author Nanclares, Duván Grupo Biodiversidad, Evolución y Conservación (BEC), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad EAFIT, Carrera 49 No. 7 sur-50, Medellín, Colombia author Velasquez, Sara Universidad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia author Diaz-Nieto, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-5244 2021-03-16 2021-03-16 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e65983 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e65983 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65983/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65983/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/65983/download/xml/ DNA barcode datasets are a useful tool for conservation and aid in taxonomic identification, particularly in megadiverse tropical countries seeking to document and describe its biota, which is dropping at an alarming rate during recent decades. Here we report the barcodes for several low elevation bird species from northern Colombia with the goal to provide tools for species identification in this region of South America. We blood sampled birds in a lowland tropical forest with various degrees of intervention using standard 10 × 12 mist-nets. We extracted DNA and sequenced the COI barcode gene using standard primers and laboratory methods. We obtained 28 COI sequences from 19 species, 10 families and 3 orders and found that barcodes largely matched (but not always) phenotypic identification (>90%) and they also facilitated the identification of several challenging passerine species. Despite our reduced sampling, our study represents the first attempt to document COI barcodes for birds (from blood samples) in this part of Colombia, which fills a considerable gap of sampling in this part of South America. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Aves lowland tropical forest mtDNA northern Colombia DNA barcodes from northern birds of Colombia Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66103 2021-03-18 preprints

Cairo University, Giza, Egypt King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia author Abdel-Dayem, Mahmoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6276-1740 King Saud University, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Ritadh, Saudi Arabia author Al Dhafer, Hathal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-2332 Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia author Aldawood, Abdulrahman Saad Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia author Sharaf, Mostafa 2021-03-18 2021-03-18 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66103 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66103 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66103/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66103/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66103/download/xml/ Tapinoma Foerster belongs to the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and the vast majority of its species are arboreal or generalized foragers. The genus is composed of 71 described species and 24 known subspecies worldwide, while from Arabian Peninsula, three species have been recorded so far.Ants of the genus Tapinoma of the Arabian Peninsula are reviewed, keyed and illustrated based on the worker caste. Three species are diagnosed, T. melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793), T. simrothi Krausse, 1911, and T. wilsoni Sharaf & Aldawood, 2012. We present the first illustrated key to the Arabian Tapinoma enhanced by automontage images to facilitate species recognition. New distributional data for species are presented based on recently collected material from the region and literature records. Information on habitats preference and biology of species are given. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Afrotropical region Dolichoderinae endemic Middle East An update to the taxonomy and distribution of the Arabian TapinomaFoerster, 1850 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with an illustrated key and remarks on habitats Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66480 2021-03-25 preprints

author Tian, Dai-Ke https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5387-5300 Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai, China Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China author Chen, Bin Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Shanghai Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China author Xiao, Yan Shanghai Key Laboratory for Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China author Zheng, Min-Min https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1103-9360 Eastern China Conservation Center for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai, China Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China author Ge, Bin-Jie 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66480 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66480 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66480/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66480/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66480/download/xml/ Begonia shenzhenensis D.K.Tian & Xiao-Yun Wang sp. nov., a new species in Begonia sect. Platycentrum of Begoniaceae from Shenzhen of Guangdong province, China, is described. Morphologically, it is mostly similar to Begonia coelocentroides in the same section, but clearly differs by its denser hairs on leaf, petiole and pedicel, abtuse anther apex, hairy ovary and narrower adaxial fruit wing. Based on only one small population ever found so far, its conservation status is assigned to Critical Endangered according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Conservation status deciduous morphology rhizomatous begonia southern China taxonomy. Begonia shenzhenensis, a new species of Begoniaceae from Guangdong of China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66483 2021-03-25 preprints

Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea author Kim, Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7765-6812 Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea author Chang, Chin-Sung Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea author Kwon, Shin Young 2021-03-25 2021-03-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66483 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66483 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66483/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66483/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66483/download/xml/ The digitization of historical collections aims to increase global access to scientific artifacts, especially those from currently inaccessible areas. Historical collections from North Korea deposited at foreign herbaria play a fundamental role in biodiversity transformation patterns. However, the biodiversity pattern distribution in this region remains poorly understood given the severe gaps in available geographic species distribution records. Access to a dominant proportion of primary biodiversity data remains difficult for the broader scientific and environmental community. The digitization of foreign collectors’ botanical collections of around 60,000 specimens from the Korean Peninsula before World War II is ongoing. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by developing the first comprehensive, open-access database of biodiversity records for the Korean Peninsula. This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the specimens that Urbain Jean Faurie, Emile Joseph Taquet, and Ernest Henry Wilson kept in several herbaria.An open-access database of biodiversity records provides a simple guide to georeferencing historical collections. The first dataset described E. H. Wilson’s collection of woody plants in the Korean Peninsula preserved at the Harvard University Herbaria (A). This includes 1,087 records collected from 1917 to 1918. The other collections contained specimens by E. J. Taquet (4,727 specimens from Quelpaert, 1907–1914) and U. J. Faurie (3,659 specimens from North Korea and Quelpaert, 1901, 1906, and 1907). For each specimen, we recorded the species name, locality indication, collection date, collector, ecology, and revision label. This dataset contained more than 9,400 specimens, with 22% of vascular plants from North Korea and 66% from Quelpaert (Jeju) island. In these collections, we included some images that correspond to the specimens in this dataset. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers endonym exonym  U.J. Faurie georeferencing herbarium collection Korea Quelpaert E.J. Taquet E.H. Wilson Historical collections of vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula by three major collectors in the early 20th century: U. J. Faurie, E. J. Taquet, and E. H. Wilson Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66612 2021-03-29 preprints

Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa author Hansen, Steffan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-4768 University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa author Addison, Pia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-339X CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France author Benoit, Laure CBGP, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, INRA, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France author Haran, Julien 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66612 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66612 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66612/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66612/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66612/download/xml/ Polyphagous broad nosed weevils (Curculionidae: Entiminae) constitute a large and taxonomically challenging subfamily that contains economically significant agricultural pests worldwide. South Africa is a hot-spot for biodiversity and several species of indigenous and endemic genera of Entiminae have shifted onto cultivated plants, with some being phytosanitary pests. The sporadic nature of many species, and the presence of pest complexes and cryptic species presents an identification challenge to non-specialists. Furthermore no comprehensive identification tools to identify immature stages that may be found in crops/soil exist. In this paper a curated barcoding database with 70 COI sequences from 41 species (39 Entiminae, 2 Cyclominae) is initiated, to assist with the complexity of identification of species in this group. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Entiminae PBNW agricultural pests identification COI barcode Barcoding pest species in a biodiversity hot-spot: the South African polyphagous broad-nosed weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66650 2021-03-29 preprints

Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia author Bikashvili, Ani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8792-2176 Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia author Kachlishvili, Nino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5632-8959 Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia author Mumladze, Levan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-6973 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66650 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66650 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66650/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66650/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66650/download/xml/ The diversity and distribution of freshwater molluscs is poorly studied in the Republic of Georgia, due to the lack of field studies during the last 50 years. Here we present the results of the first concerted investigation of freshwater mollusc biodiversity in Javakheti Highlands, in the southern, mountainous region of Georgia. In total, we were able to collect 23 species from 42 sampling localities, including different kinds of freshwater habitats. Among the 23 collected species, 13 were recorded for the first time from Javakheti. From the newly recorded species, Bathiomphalus contortus is the new country record, whose identity is supported by 16S rRNA sequence data. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Freshwater Mollusca Javakheti Highlands Georgia diversity Species diversity and distribution of freshwater molluscs of Javakheti Highlands (Republic of Georgia) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66666 2021-03-29 preprints

author Hofmann, Sylvia https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-9049 Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Islamabad, Pakistan author Masroor, Rafaqat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6248-546X Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia author Jablonski, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-0114 2021-03-29 2021-03-29 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66666 2021 funder Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft 10.13039/501100001659 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66666 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66666/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66666/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66666/download/xml/ Little is known about the life history, ecology, and distribution of the genus Allopaa (Dicroglossidae) and far less recent data is available about the larvae of this taxon. Here, we provide data on the larval stage of Allopaa hazarensis (Dubois and Khan, 1979) from northern Pakistan based on the examination of three tadpoles. Specimens were obtained from two sites in Buner, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Morphological and genetic analysis (mtDNA and nDNA) confirmed the identity of the tadpoles as A. hazarensis. Tadpole characterizations were illustrated by detailed imagery. Basic measurements and details on oral apparatus provide relevant taxonomic characteristics to distinguish the tadpoles of this species from other spiny frogs. The illustration and description of the tadpole of A. hazarensis should facilitate the identification of this species in the field. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Dicroglossidae Paa larva species identification DNA barcoding Pakistan Tadpoles of the westernmost Himalayan spiny frog Allopaa hazarensis (Dubois and Khan, 1979) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66718 2021-03-30 preprints

Coburg University, Coburg, Germany author Prieß-Buchheit, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-9683 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany author Häberlein, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-7849 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66718 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66718 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66718/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66718/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66718/download/xml/ Do you want to teach your students how to do research, as well as help them understand how important reliable research is for society? This handbook accompanies the Path2Integrity learning cards (P2ILC) on five topics (https://www.path2integrity.eu/ri-materials) and introduces you to an easy and fun learning programme that has been evaluated in over 25 training sessions. The Path2Integrity learning cards S-series is especially designed for secondary school students and undergraduates. Through this series, students learn how research results must be produced in order to be reliable and thus useful for society. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers research integrity honesty reliability accountability transparency reliable research good research practices Path2Integrity Learning Cards & Handbook for Teacher and Trainers: S-Series Guidelines

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66719 2021-03-30 preprints

Coburg University, Coburg, Germany author Prieß-Buchheit, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-9683 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany author Häberlein, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-7849 EUREC Office, Bonn, Germany author Lindemann, Tom 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66719 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66719 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66719/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66719/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66719/download/xml/ Do you want to teach future researchers how to integrate their knowledge into their own research activities, as well as help them understand how important reliable research is for society? This handbook accompanies the Path2Integrity learning cards (P2ILC) on six topics (https://www.path2integrity.eu/ri-materials) and introduces you to an easy and fun learning programme that has been evaluated in over 15 training sessions. The Path2Integrity learning cards M-series is especially designed for graduates who already have a university degree. They learn how responsible research needs to be conducted in order to be reliable and thus useful for society. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers research integrity honesty reliability accountability transparency reliable research good research practices Path2Integrity Learning Cards & Handbook for Trainers and Lecturers: M-Series Guidelines

10.3897/arphapreprints.e66720 2021-03-30 preprints

Coburg University, Coburg, Germany author Prieß-Buchheit, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3029-9683 Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany author Häberlein, Lisa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-7849 EUREC office, Bonn, Germany author Lindemann, Tom 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e66720 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e66720 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66720/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66720/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/66720/download/xml/ Do you want to teach researchers how to clarify their own role in research, as well as help them understand how important reliable research is for society? This handbook accompanies the Path2Integrity learning cards (P2ILC) on eight topics (https://www.path2integrity.eu/ri-materials) and introduces you to an easy and fun learning programme that has been evaluated in over 20 training sessions. The Path2Integrity learning cards Y-series is especially designed for early career and active researchers to learn how responsible research must necessarily be conducted in order to be reliable and in this sense useful for society. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers research integrity honesty reliability accountability transparency reliable research good research practices Path2Integrity Learning Cards & Handbook for Trainers and Lecturers: Y-Series Guidelines

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67089 2021-04-08 preprints

Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Wien, Austria author De Mattia, Willy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-467X Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Wien, Austria Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria author Reier, Susanne https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6839-7137 Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Wien, Austria author Haring, Elisabeth 2021-04-08 2021-04-08 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67089 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67089 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67089/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67089/download/pdf/ This preprint has been withdrawn by the authors. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Study of the genital anatomy, shell morphology and phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867, with insights into Charpentieria, Stigmatica, Gibbularia and Papillifera (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67563 2021-04-19 preprints

Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal author Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-7034 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal author Eusébio, Rita https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-0066 2021-04-19 2021-04-19 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67563 2021 funder Villum Fonden 10.13039/100008398 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67563 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67563/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67563/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67563/download/xml/ The cave biodiversity of continental Portugal faces tremendous conservation challenges, mostly linked to their direct destruction and contamination infiltrating from surface. Beetles are the most diverse insects and one of the most diverse arthropod groups in caves of Portugal.We present the IUCN Red List profiles for the cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal, all endemic to their respective geological units and massifs. Ground beetles (Carabidae) are the most diverse family of cave-adapted beetles in continental Portugal, followed by rove beetles (Staphylinidae). Beetles in caves of Portugal are mostly terrestrial and only one species is known to have evolved to live in groundwater. Trechus is the most diverse genus with four species, followed by Domene with three species, and by Speonemadus and Iberoporus, both with one cave-adapted species. The aim of this contribution is to assess all endemic cave-adapted species of beetles from continental Portugal and to support their specific protection, to promote an adequate management of surface habitats and the establishment of priority areas for conservation.This document can be used in spatial planning and territory management in karst, based on the current scientific knowledge. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Coleoptera Subterranean habitats Iberian Peninsula Conservation Rocky habitats Troglobiont Stygobiont Cave-adapted beetles from continental Portugal Species Conservation Profiles

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67735 2021-04-26 preprints

South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China author Xu, Yi-Da South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China author Yuan, Ming-Deng South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China author Wang, Ruijiang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-8281 2021-04-26 2021-04-26 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67735 2021 funder National Natural Science Foundation of China 10.13039/501100001809 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67735 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67735/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67735/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67735/download/xml/ Parainvolucrella R.J. Wang, a new monotypic genus is segregated from Hedyotis-Oldenlandia complex based on the morphological and molecular evidences, along with the new combination of P. scabra (Wall. ex Kurz) M.D.Yuan & R.J.Wang. The new genus is phylogenetically sister to Scleromitrion and has ever been mistaken as a member of Scleromitrion, but its perennial woody herbaceous habit, terminal inflorescence, heterostylous flowers, indehiscent capsules, and microreticulate with smooth muri pollen surface ornamentation make it different from the latter. A key for all the genera of this complex in China is provided as well. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers new combination palynology Parainvolucrella Rubiaceae taxonomy Morphology and molecules support the new monotypic genus Parainvolucrella (Rubiaceae) from Asia Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67869 2021-04-26 preprints

Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany author Schöneberg, Yannis https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1113-973X Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany author Koehler, Gunther 2021-04-26 2021-04-26 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67869 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67869 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67869/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67869/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67869/download/xml/ The aquatic snakes of the genus Helicops are widely distributed throughout northern South America but understudied concerning many aspects, including morphological traits and distribution. The most recent publication that provided an identification key to all species of Helicops is more than 50 years old. The key is of limited value today since it included taxa no longer recognized and lacks 8 of the 19 species currently recognized. There never was a publication trying to summarize the distribution information of all species of Helicops. Most of the knowledge on these species is distributed over many small publications, like observation notes.Here we present point distribution maps, an identification key and comments on identification for all species in this genus based on the results of a comprehensive literature review of over 300 scientific publications and own examinations. Our examinations comprise 190 specimens of 10 of the 19 currently recognized species and one Helicops sp. Furthermore, we report range extensions for the species H. angulatus, H. danieli, H. infrataeniatus, H. leopardinus, H. pastazae and H. polylepis. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers annotated list aquatic snakes distribution maps identification key morphology neotropics pholidosis taxonomy Distribution and identification of the species in the genus Helicops Wagler, 1830 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae) Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67903 2021-04-27 preprints

author Yu, Chuan SIOSOA, Hangzhou, China author Wang, Chunsheng SIOSOA, Hangzhou, China author Zhang, Dongsheng Shanghai Jiao Tong university, Shanghai, China author Zhang, Ruiyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-8145 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67903 2021 funder Shanghai Jiao Tong University 10.13039/501100004921 funder Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration 10.13039/501100013288 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67903 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67903/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67903/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67903/download/xml/ Holothurians of the family Psychropotidae are widely distributed, but are the least studied deep-sea holothurians. On the expedition of the Western Pacific, four holothurians specimens of the family Psychropotidae were collected by the Jiaolong human operated vehicle (HOV). Through morphological examination, two of them were identified as a new species, Benthodytes jiaolongi sp. nov., which was characterized as having minute papillae, narrow brims, and terminal anus; the ossicles were either rods or absent. The remaining two specimens were identified as Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou & Li, 2019, which was firstly recorded at Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the classification status of B. jiaolongi and P. verrucicaudatus, and indicated a paraphyletic relationship within the genus Benthodytes. The new species clustered with Benthodytes sanguinolenta and was separated from the clade of the other Benthodytes species. Furthermore, B. sanguinolenta and B. jiaolongi sp. nov. was found to be different from the other Benthodytes species based on their morphology. Therefore, a revision of the genus Benthodytes is needed to solve its phylogenetic relationship. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Benthodytes Elpidiidae new record paraphyletic group Psychropotes Western Pacific New Psychropotid species (Echinodermata Holothuroidea Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67941 2021-04-27 preprints

Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile author Correa, Claudio 2021-04-27 2021-04-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67941 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67941 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67941/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67941/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67941/download/xml/ For 80 years, there were no sightings of the Andean amphibian Telmatobius halli due to the ambiguity with which its type locality was described (“warm spring near Ollagüe”, northern Chile). The type specimens were collected during the International High Altitude Expedition to Chile (IHAEC) of 1935, but they were later described in 1938. Recently, in 2018 and 2020, two studies independently reported the rediscovery of the species. Although in these studies live specimens were analyzed and bibliographic references were consulted, both reached different conclusions about its identity and distribution. The 2018 proposal identifies the populations of the Chijlla-Choja and Copaquire ravines (previously assigned to T. chusmisensis) as T. halli, whereas the 2020 proposal identifies the hot spring “Aguas Calientes”, located in the Carcote salt flat some 12 km SW of Ollagüe, as its type locality. The problem with these two proposals is that these populations are more phylogenetically related to other species than to each other, so they clearly do not belong to the same taxon. Although the last proposal is more in line with the geographic information of the description, it does not consider some bibliographic details and the transport limitations of the IHAEC. Here, based on a detailed analysis of the chronicles of the IHAEC and other bibliographic sources, I first refute the 2018 and 2020 proposals and then provide a solution: the type locality of T. halli is Miño, an abandoned mining camp located at the source of the Loa river text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Hall’s water frog International High Altitude Expedition to Chile Loa river Miño northern Chile Ollagüe A solution to the enigma of the type locality of Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938 (Anura: Telmatobiidae), a lost frog for 85 years Commentary

10.3897/arphapreprints.e67978 2021-04-28 preprints

Entomology Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea author IM, JAE SEONG Life and Environment Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea author Kim, Seung Tae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-9294 College of Agricultural Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea author LEE, SUEYEON https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-3747 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e67978 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e67978 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67978/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67978/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/67978/download/xml/ The crab spiders of the genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 comprising 32 species has been widely known to distribute worldwide to date. Only one species, Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955, is known in Korea so far.A new crab spider, Phrynarachne birudis sp. nov. is described, based on a male collected from Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geographic record is provided as well as photos of habitus and illustrations of the male copulatory organ. The type specimens of this study are deposited in the collection of the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) and Konkuk University (KKU), South Korea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Thomisidae Phrynarachne new species description South Korea Phrynarachne birudissp. nov., a new crab spider (Araneae, Thomisidae) from South Korea Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68058 2021-05-01 preprints

Free University of Brussels (VUB), Brussels, Belgium author Van der Jeucht, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5009-2279 Meise Botanic Garden, Meise, Belgium author Groom, Quentin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0596-5376 Plazi, Bern, Switzerland author Agosti, Donat https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9286-1200 EcoHealth Alliance, New York, United States of America author Phelps, Kendra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3120-4802 Bucknell University, Lewisburg, United States of America author Reeder, DeeAnn https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8651-2012 American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States of America author Simmons, Nancy B. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-7499 2021-05-01 2021-05-01 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68058 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68058 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68058/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68058/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68058/download/xml/ text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers anthropozoonosis  Personal protective equipment handling animals safety Using iNaturalist to monitor adherence to best practises in bat handling Short Communication

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68129 2021-05-01 preprints

EvoMRI Communications, Jena, Germany University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America author Mietchen, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-1870 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America author Rasberry, Lane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-6146 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, United States of America Cochrane Work, Amsterdam, Netherlands author Morata, Thais https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-9649 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, United States of America author Sadowski, John National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, United States of America author Novakovich, Jeanette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-3435 University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada author Heilman, James 2021-05-01 2021-05-01 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68129 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68129 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68129/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68129/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68129/download/xml/ In this era of information overload and misinformation, it is a challenge to rapidly translate evidence-based health information to the public. Viewership data following the Ebola crisis and during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that a significant number of readers located health guidance through Wikipedia and related projects, including its media repository Wikimedia Commons and structured data complement, Wikidata. In 2013, Wikipedia’s medical content consisted of more than 155,000 articles and 1 billion bytes of text in over 255 languages, and the number of views during that year surpassed 4 billion, making it the most viewed medical resource worldwide.The research idea discussed in this paper aims to increase and expedite health institutions' global reach to the general public, by developing a specific strategy to maximize the availability of focused content into Wikimedia’s public digital knowledge archives.  It was conceptualized from the experiences of leading health organizations such as Cochrane, the World Health Organization (WHO), Cancer Research UK, National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Each has customized strategies to integrate content in Wikipedia and evaluate responses. The research idea is to develop an interactive guide on the Wikipedia and Wikidata platforms to support health agencies, health professionals and communicators in quickly distributing key messages during crisis situations. The guide aims to cover basic features of Wikipedia, including translation into multiple languages; automated metrics reporting; sharing non-text media; anticipating offline reuse of Wikipedia content in apps or virtual assistants such as Apple's Siri or Google Assistant; using Wikidata to collect, curate, and share data; and a discussion of other flagship projects from major health organizations. In the first phase, we propose the development of a curriculum for the guide using information from prior case studies. In the second phase, the guide would be tested on select health-related topics as new case studies. In its third phase, the guide would be finalized and disseminated. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Health communication consumer health information health information systems information networks information science information sharing. public health  health promotion Developing a scalable framework for partnerships between health agencies and the Wikimedia ecosystem Research Idea

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68495 2021-05-10 preprints

author Rivera-Higueras, Mariana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1623-6264 Universidad de Veracruz, Veracruz, Mexico author Perez-España, Horacio 2021-05-10 2021-05-10 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68495 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68495 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68495/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68495/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68495/download/xml/ Based on several in situ observations, the species Ptereleotris calliura (family Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (family Serranidae) are added to the taxonomic fish inventory of the Veracruz reef system, Mexico. While P. calliura was found on sandy substratum in the lagoon, L. rubre was detected on the reef slope. With their addition, the checklist of reef fishes in the Veracruz reef system is expanded to 479 species. Given these findings, we predict that additional survey efforts (beyond visual transects) will reveal more previously unrecorded species of cryptic fishes in the Veracruz reef system. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers coral reef system peppermint basslet blue dartfish cryptobenthic fish First record of the cryptic fishes Ptereleotris calliura (Gobiidae) and Liopropoma rubre (Serranidae) from the Veracruz reef system in Mexico Short Communication

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68554 2021-05-12 preprints

author Mejía Estrada, Manuela Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia author Jiménez-Segura, Luz Fernanda https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-0355 Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia author Soto Calderón, Iván https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-8378 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68554 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68554 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68554/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68554/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68554/download/xml/ The Barcoding was proposed motivated by the mismatch between the low number of taxonomists that contrasts with the large number of species, the method requires the construction of reference collections of DNA sequences that represent existing biodiversity. Freshwater fishes are key indicators for understanding biogeography around the world. Colombia with 1610 species of freshwater fishes is the second richest country in the world in this group. However, genetic information of the species continues to be limited, the contribution to a reference library of DNA barcodes for Colombian freshwater fishes highlights the importance of biological collections and seeks to strengthen inventories and taxonomy of such collections in future studies.This dataset contributes to the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and occurrence records of 96 species of Freshwater fishes from Colombia. The species represented in this dataset correspond to an addition to BOLD public databases of 39 species. Forty-nine specimens were collected in Atrato bassin and 708 in Magdalena-Cauca bassin during the period of 2010 to 2020, two species (Loricariichthys brunneus and Poecilia sphenops) are considered exotic to the Atrato, Cauca and Magdalena basins and four species (Oncorhynchu mykiss, Oreochromis niloticus, Parachromis friedrichsthalii and Xiphophorus helleri) are exotic to Colombian hydrogeographic regions. All specimens are deposited in the CIUA collection at University of Antioquia and have their DNA barcodes made publicly available in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) online database and the distribution dataset can be freely accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers freshwater fishes occurrence records Colombian biodiversity exotic species DNA barcode COX1 Contribution to a reference library of DNA barcodes for Colombian freshwater fishes Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68559 2021-05-12 preprints

Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University, University Park, United States of America author Nastasi, Louis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-480X Frost Entomological Museum, Penn State University, University Park, United States of America author Deans, Andrew https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-4663 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68559 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68559 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68559/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68559/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68559/download/xml/ Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) is a diverse group of wasps, many of which are capable of inducing plants to make novel structures, galls, that protect and nourish the wasps' larvae. Other cynipids, especially those species in Ceroptresini and Synergini, are understood to be usurpers of galls made by other cynipids. The North American cynipid fauna has not been fully cataloged since 1979, but there is renewed interest in revising the taxonomy and in doing research that sheds light on the mechanisms of gall induction, the evolution of this life history, and their ecological interactions more broadly. Significant taxonomic changes have impacted the group since 1979, thereby warranting a new catalog.The current state of knowledge of species classified in Aulacideini, Ceroptresini, Diastrophini, Diplolepidini, Phanacidini, and Synergini in the United States, Canada, and Mexico is summarized in catalog format. We report 323 names, including 170 valid species of rose gall wasps, herb gall wasps, and inquiline gall wasps, classified in 12 genera, from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Current taxonomic status, distribution, host associations, and vernacular names are listed for each species. The catalog also includes the original description of galls for many species of gall-inducer, as well as atomized characterizations of different gall traits as key-value pairs. For most galling species without existing vernacular names, new vernacular names are proposed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers biodiversity checklist  Aulacideini  Ceroptresini  Diastrophini  Diplolepidini  Phanacidini  Synergini Catalog of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada, and Mexico Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68571 2021-05-12 preprints

author von Tschirnhaus, Jakob Laboratorio de Sistemática y Conservación de Herpetozoos, Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario S/N, Concepción, Chile author Correa, Claudio 2021-05-12 2021-05-12 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68571 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68571 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68571/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68571/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68571/download/xml/ Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938 was the first representative of its genus to be described for Chile, but for 80 years no new individuals could be located due to the vagueness with which its type locality was described. The type series was collected by one of the members of the International High Altitude Expedition to Chile (IHAEC) that took place in 1935. Recently, three studies successively claimed to have rediscovered the type locality in different places. The third study proved, considering the chronicles of the IHAEC, that the actual locality is Miño, at the origin of the Loa River. In the contemporary herpetological literature, there are no records of Telmatobius from this locality. In this study, we provide additional documentary antecedents and graphic material that corroborate that the mentioned location is indeed the historic type locality of T. halli. Additionally, we describe the recently discovered Telmatobius population from Miño, whose external characteristics are consistent with the description of T. halli, and the environment it inhabits. Furthermore, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis that strongly suggests that T. halli (from Miño), T. dankoi and T. vilamensis, all known only from their type locality in Chile, are conspecific. Neither of the populations from the previously proposed rediscoveries grouped with the one from the genuine type locality. We discuss the implications that these findings have for the taxonomy, biogeography and conservation of the populations from the extreme south of the distribution of the genus in Chile. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Amphibia Chile Loa River lost frog phylogeny Puna Third time’s the charm: The definitive rediscovery of Telmatobius halli Noble, 1938 (Anura, Telmatobiidae) at its historic type locality Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68669 2021-05-20 preprints

Entomology Program, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea author IM, JAE SEONG Life and Environment Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea author Kim, Seung Tae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5820-9294 College of Agricultural Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea author LEE, SUEYEON https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2066-3747 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68669 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68669 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68669/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68669/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68669/download/xml/ The crab spiders of the genus Phrynarachne Thorell, 1869 comprising 32 species has been widely known to distribute worldwide to date. Only one species, Phrynarachne katoi Chikuni, 1955, is known in Korea so far.A new crab spider, Phrynarachne birudis sp. nov. is described, based on a male collected from Gumi-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. The geographic record is provided as well as photos of habitus and illustrations of the male copulatory organ. The type specimens of this study are deposited in the collection of the Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR) and Konkuk University (KKU), South Korea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Thomisidae Phrynarachne new species description South Korea Phrynarachne birudis sp. nov., a new crab spider (Araneae, Thomisidae) from South Korea Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68768 2021-05-20 preprints

Universidad de Sucre, author Murillo-Ramos, Leidys https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-105X University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland author Sihvonen, Pasi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2237-9325 Universität Jena, Jena, Germany author Brehm, Gunnar Research Associate, McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, United States of America author Ríos-Málaver, Cristóbal Lund University, Lund, Sweden author Wahlberg, Niklas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-3363 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68768 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68768 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68768/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68768/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68768/download/xml/ Molecular DNA sequence data allow unprecedented advances in biodiversity assessments, monitoring schemes, and taxonomic works, particularly in poorly explored areas. They allow, for instance, the sorting of material rapidly into operational taxonomic units (such as BINs - Barcode Index Numbers), sequences can be subject to diverse analyses, and with linked metadata and physical vouchers they can be examined further by experts. However, a prerequisite for their exploitation is the construction of reference libraries of DNA sequences that represent the existing biodiversity. To achieve these goals for Geometridae (Lepidoptera) moths in Colombia, expeditions were carried out to 26 localities in the northern part of the country in 2015–2019. The aim was to collect specimens and sequence their DNA barcodes, and to record a fraction of the species richness and occurrences in one of the most biodiversity-rich countries. These data are the beginnings of an identification guide to Colombian geometrid moths, whose identities are currently often provisional only, being morpho species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Prior to the current dataset, 99 Geometridae sequences forming 44 BINs from Colombia were publicly available on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), covering 20 species only.We enrich the Colombian Geometridae database significantly by including DNA barcodes, two nuclear markers, photos of vouchers, and georeferenced occurrences of 281 specimens of geometrid moths from different localities. These specimens are classified into 80 genera. Analytical tools on BOLD clustered 157 of the mentioned sequences to existing species level BINs, identified earlier by experts. Another 115 were assigned to BINs that were identified to genus or tribe level only. 11 specimens did not match any existing BIN on BOLD, and are therefore new additions to the database. It is likely that many BINs represent undescribed species. Nine short sequences (<500bp) were not assigned to BINs but identified to the lowest taxonomic category by expert taxonomists and with comparisons of type material photos. The released new genetic information will help to further progress the systematics of Geometridae. An illustrated catalogue of all new records allows validation of our identifications; it is also the first document of this kind for Colombian Geometridae. All specimens are deposited at the Museo de Zoología of Universidad de Sucre (MZUS), North Colombia. DNA BINs are reported in this study, the species occurrences are available on SIB Colombia https://sibcolombia.net/ and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) https://www.gbif.org/ through https://doi.org/10.15472/ucfmkh. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Occurrence records DNA barcode COI moths Colombia Geometridae Loopers A database and checklist of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera) from Colombia Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68864 2021-05-20 preprints

National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Montpellier, France author Sauvion, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-5871 UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France author Peccoud, Jean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-7869 National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), Montpellier, France CBGP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France author Meynard, Christine ANSES-Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, Montpellier, France author Ouvrard, David https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-6116 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68864 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68864 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68864/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68864/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68864/download/xml/ Cacopsylla pruni is a psyllid that has been known since 1998 as the vector of the bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’, responsible for the European stone fruit yellows (ESFY), a disease that affects species of Prunus. This disease is one of the major limiting factors for the production of stone fruits, most notably apricot (Prunus armeniaca) and Japanese plum (P. salicina), in all EU stone fruit-growing areas. The psyllid vector is widespread in the Western Palearctic, and evidence for the presence of the phytoplasma that it transmits to species of Prunus has been found in 15 of the 27 EU countries.Recent studies showed that C. pruni is actually composed of two cryptic species, which can be differentiated by molecular markers. A literature review on the distribution of C. pruni was published in 2012, but it only provided presence or absence information at the country level and without distinction between the two cryptic species.Since 2012, numerous new records of the vector in several European countries have been published. We ourselves have acquired a large amount of data from sampling in France and other European countries. We have also carried out a thorough systematic literature review to find additional records, including all the original sources mentioning C. pruni (or its synonyms) since the first description by Scopoli in 1763. Our aim was to create an exhaustive georeferenced occurrence catalog, in particular in countries that are occasionnaly mentioned in the literature with little detail. Finally, for countries that seem suitable for the proliferation of C. pruni (USA, Canada, Japan, China, etc.), we digged deeper into the literature and reliable sources (e.g. checklist) to better subtanciate its current absence from those regions.Information on the distribution ranges of these vector psyllids is of crucial interest in order to best predict the vulnerability of stone fruit producing countries to the ESFY threat in the foreseeable future.We give free access to a unique file of 1975 records of all occurrence data in our possession concerning C. pruni, which we have gathered through more than twenty years of sampling efforts in Europe or through intensive text mining.We have made every effort to retrieve the source information for the records extracted from litterature (1201 records). Thus, we always give the title of the original reference, together with the page(s) citing C. pruni and, if possible, the year of sampling. To make the results of this survey publicly available, we give a URL to access the literature sources. In most cases, this link allows to freely download a PDF file.We also give access to information extracted from GBIF (162 exploitable data points on 245 occurrences found in the database), which we thoroughly checked and often supplemented to make the information more easily exploitable.We give access to our own unpublished georeferenced and genotyped record from 612 samples taken over the last 20 years in several European countries (Switzerland, Belgium, Netherlands, Spain, etc.). These include two countries (Portugal and North Macedonia) for which the presence of C. pruni had not been reported before. As our specimens have been genotyped (74 sites with species A solely, 202 with species B solely, and 310 with species A+B), our new data enable a better view of the geographical distribution of the two species at the Palaearctic scale. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Hemiptera psyllid Cacopsylla pruni  vector-borne plant pathogen phytoplasma 'Candidatus phytoplasma prunorum' European stone fruit yellows species distribution epidemiology Occurrence data for the two cryptic species of Cacopsylla pruni (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e68917 2021-05-20 preprints

Southwest University, Chongqing, China author Shi, Zi-Jian Southwest University, BeiBei District, Chongqing,, China author Wang, Lu-Yu Southwest University, Chongqing City, Beibei District, China author Zhang, Zhisheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9304-1789 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e68917 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68917 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68917/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68917/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/68917/download/xml/ The genus Eratigena is reported for the first time from China including a new spe­cies E. bowoensis n. sp. (male and female) is described. Detailed description of new species genitalic characters, somatic features by means of photographs and line drawings, as well as comparisons with closely related species and locality map are provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers description morphology photo Tibet taxonomy First record of genus Eratigena (Araneae: Agelenidae) from China, with description of a new species Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69102 2021-05-25 preprints

author Niza, Henrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8889-6184 Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal MARE - ULisboa, Lisboa, Portugal author Bento, Marta https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-0272 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Instituto de Investigação Científica e Tropical (IHMT) and Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Lisboa, Portugal author Lopes, Luis Filipe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3401-2814 MARE - ULisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência (MNHNC), Lisboa, Portugal author Cartaxana, Alexandra MARE - ULisboa, Lisboa, Portugal Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal author Marçal Correia, Alexandra 2021-05-25 2021-05-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69102 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69102 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69102/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69102/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69102/download/xml/ The amount of biological data available in online repositories is increasing at an exponential rate. However, data on marine invertebrate biodiversity resources are still sparse and scattered in these countries. Online repositories are useful instruments for biodiversity research, as they provide a fast access to data from different sources. The use of interactive platforms comprising web mapping are becoming more important not only for the scientific community, but also for conservation managers, decision-makers and the general public as they allow data presentation in simple and understandable visual schemes. The main goal of this study was to create an interactive online digital map (MARINBIODIV Atlas), through the collection of data from various sources, to visualize marine invertebrate occurrences and distribution across different habitats, namely mangroves, seagrasses, corals and other coastal areas, in Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe. The acquired biodiversity data were managed and structured to be displayed as spatial data and to be disseminated using the geographic information system ArcGIS, where data can be accessed, filtered and mapped. The ArcGIS web mapping design tools were used to produce interactive maps to visualize marine invertebrate diversity information along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe, through different habitats, offering the foundation for analysing species incidence and allocation information. Understanding the spatial occurrences and distribution of marine invertebrates in both countries can provide a valuable baseline, regarding information and trends on their coastal marine biodiversity. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers marine invertebrates Mozambique São Tomé and Príncipe spatial geographic representation web mapping A picture is worth a thousand words: using digital tools to visualize marine invertebrate diversity data along the coasts of Mozambique and São Tomé & Príncipe Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69207 2021-05-27 preprints

Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology., Pingtung, Taiwan author Chen, Wei-Chih Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology., Pingtung, Taiwan author Chen, Jan No.300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan (R.O.C.), Chiayi, Taiwan author Chang, Kun-Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5807-8546 2021-05-27 2021-05-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69207 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69207 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69207/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69207/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69207/download/xml/ Only one species in the genus Nertera, N. granadensis, had been identified in Taiwan. This study discovered that there are two additional species in the genus endemic to Taiwan: N. nigricarpa and N. taiwanian. These species are both distinguishable from N. granadensis through an examination of their holotype and living individuals. N. nigricarpa is characterized by the unapparent or slightly convex leaf venation on the upper surface, spreading leaf margins, purple petals, black fruits, and dark-purple seeds with raised striate. N. taiwanian has leaves with distinctly convex veins on the upper surface, undulated margins, yellowish-green petals, red fruits, and yellow-white seeds without striate. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Nertera depressa Nertera granadensis Nertera nigricarpa Nertera taiwaniana Rubiaceae. Reappraisal of Nertera (Rubiaceae) in Taiwan Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69345 2021-05-28 preprints

State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China author Rabarijaona, Romer Narindra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0472-501X Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar author Rafaralahy, Valisoa Louisicaël Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program, BP 3391, Antananarivo, Madagascar author Rakotovao, Charles State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China author Ranaivoson, Rindra Manasoa State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Beijing, China author Liu, Bing https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-253X State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China author Zhi-Duan, Chen Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States of America author Wen, Jun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-522X Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China author Lu, Limin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-7877 2021-05-28 2021-05-28 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69345 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69345 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69345/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69345/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69345/download/xml/ Cyphostemma calcarium is herein described as a new species on the limestone outcrops in northern Madagascar. Its diagnostic morphological characteristics were compared to the species occurring in Ankarana Special Reserve. We present detailed descriptions, illustrations, distribution map, and a preliminary conservation assessment of the species. An identification key to all known species from Ankarana Special Reserve is also provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Ankarana Cyphostemma Cyphostemma calcarium Madagascar Vitaceae. Cyphostemma calcarium (Vitaceae), a new species from Ankarana Special Reserve, Madagascar Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69376 2021-05-31 preprints

University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America author Palting, John University of Arizona, Tucson, United States of America author Moore, Wendy https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-6203 2021-05-31 2021-05-31 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69376 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69376 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69376/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69376/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69376/download/xml/ Few molecular-based studies have tested the monophyly of the Lithosiini subtribes proposed by Bendib and Minet (2000), and those have been limited by meager taxon sampling. Several studies have suggested some subtribes are not monophyletic as they are currently defined. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of representatives of the North American lithosiine fauna which are currently classified within the subtribes Acsalina, Lithosiina, Cisthenina and Eudesmiina, the latter having never been included in a molecular-based analysis before. Based on analyses of cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), ribosomal protein S5 (RPS5) and the large subunit 28S ribosomal DNA (28S), we assign some of the North American genera to subtribe for the first time and re-assign others contrary to previous placements. Then, we discuss the morphological characters that Bendib and Minet (2000) proposed to define subtribes and re-consider them in the context of our inferred phylogeny. We report high support for a monophyletic Lithosiina+ Agylla + Inopsis + Gnamptonychia, three genera being unplaced or of uncertain placement (Agylla) by Bendib and Minet (2000). We remove Gardinia from the subtribe Lithosiina and place it in the Cisthenina, along with Eudesmia, formerly placed in its own subtribe, the Eudesmiina. Two other genera, Bruceia and Ptychoglene, not previously assigned to a subtribe are found to be members of the Cisthenina. We remove Clemensia from the Cisthenina and report it, along with the neotropical Pronola, as part of undefined clade. After these changes, our phylogeny shows strong support for the monophyly of Cisthenina + Gardinia + Eudesmia + Bruceia + Ptychoglene. We find Acsala anomala occurs on a long branch by itself, confirming the uniqueness of this species and its placement in a monotypic subtribe. Finally, we confirm that Afrida exegens, sometimes considered a member of the Lithosiini, is not even an erebid, but rather it is a member of the Nolidae, as proposed by Holloway (1998) and Kitching and Rawlins (1998). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Keywords: Arctiinae Lithosiini Lichen Tiger Moths Cisthenina Lithosiina Eudesmiina Acsalina Nolidae Afridinae Molecular phylogeny of the Lichen Tiger Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Lithosiini) of the Western Hemisphere Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69590 2021-06-01 preprints

University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates author Khedr, Ahmed M. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates author El Bannany, Magdi University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates author Kanakkayil, Sakeena 2021-06-01 2021-06-01 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69590 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69590 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69590/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69590/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69590/download/xml/ Fraudulent financial statements are deliberate furnishing and/or reporting incorrect statistics, and this has become a major economic and social concern as the global market is witnessing an upsurge in financial accounting fraud, costing businesses billions of dollars a year. Identifying companies that manipulate financial statements remains a challenge for auditors, as fraud strategies have become increasingly sophisticated over the years. We evaluate machine learning techniques for financial statement fraud detection, particularly a powerful ensemble technique, the XGBoost algorithm, that help to identify fraud on a set of sample companies drawn from the MENA region. The issue of the class imbalance in the dataset is addressed by applying the SMOTE algorithm. We found that XGBoost algorithm outperformed other algorithms in this study: Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Vector Machine Support (SVM), Adaboost, and RandomForest. The XGBoost algorithm is then optimised to obtain the optimum performance. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Financial Statement Fraud (FSF) Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Machine Learning (ML) XGBoost An Ensemble Model for Financial Statement Fraud Detection Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69668 2021-06-03 preprints

Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany author Monge González, María https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-7987 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany author Weigelt, Patrick https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-3708 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany author Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Facultad de Ciencias, José Toribio Medina 29, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile author Craven, Dylan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3940-833X Instituto de Ecología, A. C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, 91070, Xalapa, Mexico author Castillo Campos, Gonzalo Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana, José María Morelos 44 y 46, 91000, Xalapa, Mexico author Krömer, Thorsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-8172 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Goettingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany author Kreft, Holger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8236 2021-06-03 2021-06-03 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69668 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69668 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69668/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69668/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69668/download/xml/ Here, we describe BIOVERA-Tree, a database on tree diversity, community composition, forest structure, and functional traits collected in 120 forest plots distributed along an extensive elevational gradient in Veracruz State, Mexico. BIOVERA-Tree includes information on forest structure from three levels of forest-use intensity, namely old-growth, degraded, and secondary forest, replicated across eight elevations from sea-level to near the tree line at 3500 m and on size and location of 4549 tree individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 5 cm belonging to 216 species, 154 genera, and 80 families. We also report measurements of eight functional traits, namely wood density for 143 species, maximum height for 216 species and leaf traits including: specific leaf area, lamina density, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, and leaf area for 148 species and leaf dry matter content for 145 species.BIOVERA-Tree is a new database comprising data collected in a rigorous sampling design along forest-use intensity and elevational gradients, contributing to our understanding of how interactive effects of forest-use intensity and elevation affect tree diversity, community composition, and functional traits in tropical forests. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers BIOVERA-Tree: tree diversity, community composition, forest structure and functional traits along gradients of forest-use intensity and elevation in Veracruz, Mexico Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69914 2021-06-09 preprints

Faculty of Biological Sciences and Institute for Biodiversity Research, Chonbuk National University, South Korea, Chonbuk, South Korea author YUN, Seung-Woon Faculty of Biological Sciences and Institute for Biodiversity Research, Chonbuk National University, South Korea, Chonbuk, South Korea author PARK, Jong-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-5111 author Janko, Karel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7866-4937 2021-06-09 2021-06-09 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69914 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69914 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69914/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69914/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69914/download/xml/ Background. During the course of evolution, numerous taxa abandoned canonical sex and reproduced asexually. Examination of the Cobitis hankugensis - Iksookimia longicorpa asexual complex already revealed important evolutionary discoveries tackling phenomena like interspecific hybridization, non-Mendelian inheritance, polyploidy and asexuality. Yet, as in other similar cases, the investigation is hampered by the lack of easily accessible molecular tools for efficient differentiation among genomotypes.Material and methods. Here, we tested the cross-species amplification of 23 microsatellite markers derived from distantly related species and investigated the extent to which such markers can facilitate the genome identification in non-model hybrid complex.Results. We found that 21 out of 23 microsatellite markers amplified in all genomotypes. Five of them could be used for easy diagnosticity of parental species and their hybrids due to species-specific amplification profiles. We also noted that three markers, i.e. IC654 and IC783 derived from Cobitis choii and Iko_TTA01 from Iksookimia koreensis, had dosage-sensitive amplification efficiencies of species-specific alleles. This could be further used for reliable differentiation of genome composition in polyploids.Conclusions. The present study introduces a noninvasive method applicable for diagnosis of ploidy and genome composition of hybrids, which are not clearly distinguished morphologically. We showed that very detailed information may be obtained even from markers developed in distantly related taxa. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers microsatellites cross-amplification Iksookimia longicorpa-Cobitis hankugensis complex hybridization asexual reproduction polyploidy CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION OF MICROSATELLITES AND IDENTIFICATION OF POLYPLOID HYBRIDS BY ALLELE DOSAGE EFFECTS IN COBITIS HANKUGENSIS AND IKSOOKIMIA LONGICORPA HYBRID COMPLEX Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e69957 2021-06-11 preprints

Saint-Petersburg State Forestry University, Cankt-Peterburg, Russia Vietnam National University of Forestry, Ha Noi, Vietnam author Nguyen, Cuong https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-741X Vietnam National University of Forestry, Ha Noi, Vietnam author Nguyen, Ly Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Nghia Do, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam, Ha Noi, Vietnam author Nguyen, Khang https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5171-4140 St. Petersburg State University, St.Petersburg, Russia author Egorov, Alexander Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg, Russia author Averyanov, Leonid https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-2925 2021-06-11 2021-06-11 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e69957 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69957 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69957/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69957/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/69957/download/xml/ Hemiboea chanii, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Ha Giang Province, northern Vietnam, is here described and illustrated. It has many branched stems up to 90 cm, with 12–16 nodes, involucre diamond with two cirrose opposite apexs, pink corolla with red spotted inside, and flowering time in January–February. Among congeners with abaxially hairy corolla new species morphologically most close to H. crystallina and H. sinovietnamica. Diagnostic discriminative features between all mentioned species are discussed. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Endemism limestone flora new taxon plant diversity plant taxonomy Hemiboea chanii (Gesneriaceae), a new species from limestone areas of northern Vietnam Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70208 2021-06-16 preprints

German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany author Scaccia, Nazareno https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-3815 German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany author Günther, Taras https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-7996 German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany author Lopez de Abechuco, Estibaliz https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2606-0688 German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany author Filter, Matthias https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9347-021X 2021-06-16 2021-06-16 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70208 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70208 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70208/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70208/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70208/download/xml/ In many interdisciplinary research domains, the creation of a shared understanding of relevant terms is considered the foundation for efficient cross-sector communication and interpretation of data and information. This is also true for the domain of One Health (OH) where many One Health Surveillance (OHS) documents rarely contain glossaries with a list of terms for which their specific meaning in the context of the given document is defined Cornelia et al. 2018, Buschhardt et al. 2021. The absence of glossaries within these documents may lead to misinterpretation of surveillance results due to the wrong interpretation of terminology specifically when term definitions differ across OH sectors. Under the One Health EJP project ORION, the OHEJP Glossary was recently created. The OHEJP Glossary is a tool to improve communication and collaboration among OH sectors by providing an easy-to-use online resource that lists relevant OH terms and sector-specific definitions. To improve the accessibility of content from the OHEJP Glossary and support the creation of integrative glossaries in future OHS-related documents, the OHEJP Glossaryfication Web Service was created. This service can support the practical use of the OHEJP Glossary and other relevant online glossaries by OH professionals.The Glossaryfication Web Service (GWS) is an application that automatically identifies terms in any uploaded text-based document and creates a document-specific list of matching definitions in selected online glossaries. This auto-generated document-specific glossary can easily be adjusted by the user, e.g. by selecting the desired definition in case multiple definitions were found for a specific term. The document-specific glossary could then be downloaded, manually adjusted, and finally included into the original document where it supports the correct interpretation of terminology used within the document. Especially in sector-specific reports such as from animal health or public health authorities, this can be beneficial to ensure the correct interpretation by other OH sectors in the future. The GWS developed with the open-source desktop software KNIME Analytics Platform and runs as a web service on a KNIME Web Server infrastructure. The core data processing functionality in the GWS is based on KNIME’s Textprocessing extension. KNIME's JavaScript nodes provided the basis for an interactive user interface where users can easily upload their files and select between different reference glossaries such as the OHEJP Glossary, the CDC Glossary, the WHO Glossary, or the EFSA Glossary. After retrieval of the user input settings, the GWS tags words within the provided document and maps these tagged words with matching entries in the selected glossaries. As the main output, the user receives a downloadable list of matching terms with their corresponding definitions, sectorial assignments, and references, which can then be added by the user to the original document. The GWS is freely accessible via this link as well as the underlying KNIME workflow. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers One Health OHEJP Glossary Text processing KNIME glossary creation The Glossaryfication Web Service: an automated glossary creation tool to support the One Health community Software Description

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70280 2021-06-17 preprints

School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America author Rasberry, Lane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-6146 Data Science Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America EvoMRI Communications, Jena, Germany University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States of America author Mietchen, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-1870 2021-06-17 2021-06-17 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70280 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70280 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70280/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70280/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70280/download/xml/ We present the design of a project to develop Wikipedia content on general vaccine safety and the COVID-19 vaccines, specifically. This proposal describes what a team would need to distribute public health information in Wikipedia in multiple languages in response to a disaster or crisis, and to measure and report the communication impact of the same. Researchers at the School of Data Science at the University of Virginia made this proposal in response to a February 2021 call from a sponsor which was seeking to share public health information to respond globally to vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccines. This proposal was not selected for funding, and now the research team is sharing the proposal here with an open copyright license for anyone to reuse and remix. Most of the text here is from the original proposal, but there are modifications to remove the names of the funder, named partners, and for other details to make this text more reusable. The budget in this proposal has been converted from a dollar amount to equivalent descriptions in terms of labor hours, and the timeline was adapted from absolute to relative months. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers vaccines vaccine hesitancy public health Wikipedia health education Wikipedia for multilingual COVID-19 vaccine education at scale Research Idea

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70277 2021-06-17 preprints

Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China author Duan, Wen-yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-5864 Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China author Wang, Feng-yan Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China author Zhou, Hong-zhang 2021-06-17 2021-06-17 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70277 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70277 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70277/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70277/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70277/download/xml/ Two new species of the genus Melixanthus Suffrian, 1854 are described from China: M. menglaensis Duan, Wang & Zhou, sp. nov. from Yunnan (also in Vietnam, Tonkin) and M. similibimaculicollis Duan, Wang & Zhou, sp. nov. from Yunnan. One species M. rufiventris Pic, 1926 is reported for the first time in China. High quality color images and line drawings of adult habitus, aedeagus and other important structures are provided for the new species and the new country record species. All the types of the new species are deposited in the collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZ-CAS). text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cryptocephalini distributional records leaf beetles new species Two new species of the genus Melixanthus Suffrian (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) from China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70609 2021-06-25 preprints

Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium author Danis, Bruno https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-7623 KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium author Christiansen, Henrik https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7114-5854 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium author Guillaumot, Charlène KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium author Heindler, Franz Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium author Jossart, Quentin Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium author Moreau, Camille https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0981-7442 UGent, Gent, Belgium author Pasotti, Francesca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8971-8195 EMC2, Brussels, Belgium author Robert, Henri Ocean Expeditions, Sydney, Australia author Wallis, Ben UMR 6282 Biogéosciences, Univ Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Dijon, France author Saucède, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6056-4447 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70609 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70609 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70609/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70609/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70609/download/xml/ This dataset relates to the biodiversity census carried out during the Belgica 121 (B121) expedition to the Western Antarctic Peninsula from February to March 2019. One of the aims of the campaign was to explore the surroundings of the Gerlache Strait and to carry out a detailed biodiversity census focusing on inter- and subtidal shallow-water areas using both classic descriptive marine ecology methods as well as state-of-the art techniques (habitat mapping, genetics, trophic ecology). The biodiversity census was carried out onboard a nimble research vessel, RV Australis. This dataset will offer access to the raw data on biodiversity occurrences, obtained using a range of methods described in this data paper.New raw biodiversity data for a poorly sampled region (Western Antarctic Peninsula) with a special focus on shallow ecosystems. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Southern Ocean Belgica low environmental impact shallow waters climate change benthos The Belgica 121 expedition to the Western Antarctic Peninsula: a high resolution biodiversity census Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70679 2021-06-25 preprints

Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China author Duan, Wen-yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3032-5864 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Zoology, CAS, Beijing, China author Zhou, Hong-zhang 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70679 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70679 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70679/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70679/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70679/download/xml/ This study revises the subgenus Burlinius Lopatin, 1965 of the genus Cryptocephalus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Cryptocephalini) and reports three new species, namely, Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) longchiensis sp. nov., C. (Burlinius) baowenzhengi sp. nov., and C. (Burlinius) tomurensis sp. nov.. The species C. (Burlinius) yangweii Chen, 1942 is revalidated and treated as a distinct species. Another four species are transferred to this subgenus from the subgenus Cryptocephalus s. str., namely, C. (Burlinius) flavolimbatus Pic, 1920 (stat. nov.), C. (Burlinius) pusus Schöller, 2009 (stat. nov.), C. (Burlinius) scutemaculatus Tan, 1992 (stat. nov.), and C. (Burlinius) shaowuanus Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961 (stat. nov.). Two species (including one more subspecies) are moved out of this subgenus, namely, C. (Burlinius) nigrolimbatus Jacoby, 1890, C. (Burlinius) pallidipes pallidipes Pic, 1927, and C. (Burlinius) pallidipes nakatae Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961; they are the members of the subgenus Cryptocephalus s. str.. Thus, the subgenus Burlinius Lopatin includes now a total of 25 species in China according to our revision. A key to all the Chinese species of this subgenus is provided as well as color illustrations and line drawing for general habitus and genital structures. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cryptocephalus key to Chinese species leaf beetles sp. nov. taxonomic revision Taxonomy of the subgenus Burlinius Lopatin (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae) from China and description of three new species Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70782 2021-06-29 preprints

College of Plant Protection,Southwest University, Chongqing, China Post-Entry Quarantine Station for Tropical Plants of Haikou Customs, Haikou, China author XU, Wei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9460-9487 Doctor, Haikou City, China author Gan, Qinhua HNPOLY PHARM. CO.,LTD, Haikou, China author Pu, Jian Doctor, Haikou City, China author Pan, Yingwen Doctor, Haikou City, China author Cai, Bo Post-Entry Quarantine Station for Tropical Plants of Haikou Customs, Haikou, China author Ao, Su Post-Entry Quarantine Station for Tropical Plants of Haikou Customs, Haikou, China author Meng, Rui College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China author Chen, Li 2021-06-29 2021-06-29 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70782 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70782 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70782/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70782/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70782/download/xml/ In this study, the total DNA of nine species of Saperda (Lopezcolonia) octopunctata (Scopoli, 1772), Saperda (Lopezcolonia) scalaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Saperda interrupta Gebler, Saperda Alberti (Plavilstshikov), Saperda (Saperda) similis Laicharting, 1784, Saperda (Compsidia) populnea (Linnaeus, 1758), Saperda (Saperda) carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758), Saperda (Lopezcolonia) perforata Pallas, 1773 and Saperda ohbayashi were extracted. Two partial sequences of mitochondrial gene and one partial sequence of nuclear gene were amplified. Comparing the COI sequence with the DNA barcode data in GenBank can effectively identify the related species of Saperda. It will be applied to the rapid identification of some species of Saperda in imported wood at ports, and improve the detection rate of plant quarantine. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Genus Saperda mtDNA COI sequence analysis Gene Sequence Analysis of Mitochondrial COI in Genus Saperda (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70923 2021-07-02 preprints

University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America author Will, Kipling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7056-9011 Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America University of California, Berkeley, ESPM Dept., Berkeley, CA, United States of America author Mendez, Tina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9348-2998 2021-07-02 2021-07-02 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70923 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70923 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70923/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70923/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70923/download/xml/ We found distinct and consistently placed, species- and sex-specific abrasions of the cuticle on museum specimens of 14 species of the Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 (Carabidae, Pterostichini) subgenus Hypherpes Chaudoir, 1838. We deduced that these marks are generated during mating and therefore can be used to distinguish between preserved specimens of beetles that had previously mated at the time of capture and those that had not mated. In addition to describing and detailing the occurrence of the marks and providing evidence that they are the result of mating, we demonstrate their utility for inferring life history using a museum voucher collection. By scoring these indications of mating from pinned specimens we describe life cycle patterns in two similar, relatively closely related, and sympatric species of the subgenus Hypherpes – P. vicinus Mannerheim, 1843 and P. californicus (Dejean, 1828).  Both were sampled during a pitfall trap study in Contra Costa, California, USA from 2014–2019 and deposited in the Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. Both species had very low adult activity through the drought and end of drought period prior to the spring of 2017 and are significantly more abundant in the post-drought period. Based on mating marks, both species responded to accumulated precipitation ending the drought by the emergence of an active, mostly unmated cohort of adults. The spring activity peak following the end of the drought was dominated by unmated beetles but samples from subsequent springs included a nearly equal mix of mated and unmated beetles. The beetle activity appears to be corrospond more with the accumulated rainfall of the preceding rainy season than with in-year rains. Beetles sampled in autumn and winter (rainy season) predominantly show mating marks. The occurrence throughout the year of beetles that are marked as having mated is consistent with iteroparous beetles with a lifespan of more than one year and also consistent with dynamic phenotypic polyvariance in which the adult activity period is synchronized by adjusting development time. The dominant pattern fits with a life cycle that is typically annual univoltine, or possibly biennial semivoltine in dry years, rainy season breeding (autumn-winter) iteroparous, with adult summer aestivation and possibly facultative larval hibernation. However, unmated individuals and teneral adults were captured during peak activity periods regardless of the season, suggesting that either the beetles diapause as teneral adults that then complete development and become active at various points during the year and/or there are at multiple periods of breeding and oviposition each year in at least some portion of the population. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Mediterranean climate life history mating Mating marks on museum specimens reveal breeding patterns in species of Pterostichus Bonelli (Carabidae, Pterostichini) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70930 2021-07-02 preprints

author Kioko, Esther National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya author Musyoki, Alex National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya author Luanga, Augustine National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya author Kioko, Mwinzi National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya author Mwangi, Esther https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-0278 National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya author Monda, Lawrence https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0299-0418 2021-07-02 2021-07-02 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70930 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70930 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70930/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70930/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70930/download/xml/ Hawkmoths consist of both diurnal and nocturnal species that are an important component of tropical ecosystems, with significant roles as major pollinators of both crops and wild flora. Pollinators are in decline world-wide and there is need for baseline data to inform their conservation strategies. Species data from Museum collections have been shown to be of great value as a tool for prioritising conservation actions in Africa. The National Museums of Kenya (NMK) has a large active entomology collection that is in continuous growth.The NMK’s collection of hawkmoths had not been digitized till 2017. This moth family Sphingidae includes about 1400 species and 200 genera worldwide with about 70% of these species occurring in Africa. These moth species can also be used as indicators in biodiversity assessments as they can be easily sampled and identified. However, hawkmoths have rarely been surveyed over the long term for this purpose. Long-term datasets are of unquestionable significance for understanding and monitoring temporal changes in biodiversity. These hawkmoth data have addressed one of the most significant challenges to insect conservation, the lack of baseline information concerning species diversity and distribution and have provided key historic hawkmoth species diversity and distribution data that can be used to monitor their populations in the face of climate change and other environmental degradation issues that are facing the world today. The publication of the hawkmoth species occurrence data records in GBIF has enhanced data visibility to a wider audience promoting availability for use.The hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) collection at the National Museums of Kenya was digitized in 2017 – 2020 and this paper presents details of species occurrence records as in the insect collection at the NMK, Nairobi, Kenya.The collection holds 5,095 voucher specimens consisting of 87 genera, and 208 species. The collection covers the period between 1904 and 2020.The geographical distribution of the hawkmoths housed at the NMK covers East Africa at 75%, West Africa at 7%, Southern Africa at 6.9%, Indian Ocean Islands at 4.5%, Central Africa at 4%, Horn of Africa 1.6%, North Africa 0.2% and East-Central Africa at 0.1%. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers hawkmoths Sphingidae species diversity distribution Africa National Museums of Kenya. Geographical and temporal distribution of hawkmoth (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) species in Africa Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70999 2021-07-14 preprints

author Yu, Chuan Key Laboratory of marine ecosystem and biogeochemical of the State Oceanic Administration, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of marine research, Hangzhou, China., Hangzhou, China author Zhang, Dongsheng Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China author Zhang, Ruiyan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8556-8145 SIOSOA, Hangzhou, China author Wang, Chunsheng 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70999 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70999 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70999/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70999/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70999/download/xml/ Holothurians of the family Psychropotidae are widely distributed, but remain least studied deep-sea holothurians. On an expedition in the Western Pacific, six psychropotid specimens were collected by the Jiaolong human operated vehicle (HOV). Through morphological examination, four of them were identified as a new species, Benthodytes jiaolongi sp. nov., which was characterized as having minute papillae, narrow brims, and terminal anus; the ossicles were either rods or primary crosses. The remaining two specimens were identified as Psychropotes verrucicaudatus Xiao, Gong, Kou & Li, 2019, which was first recorded at the Kyushu-Palau Ridge. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed the classification status of B. jiaolongi and P. verrucicaudatus, and indicated a paraphyletic relationship within the genus Benthodytes. The new species clustered with Benthodytes sanguinolenta and was separated from the clade containing the other Benthodytes species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Benthodytes holothurians new record paraphyletic group Psychropotes Western Pacific New psychropotid species (Echinodermata Holothuroidea Elasipodida) of the Western Pacific with phylogenetic analyses Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e71265 2021-07-14 preprints

author Lepareur, Fanny https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7910-0949 UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author MANCEAU, Mathieu UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author Reyjol, Yorick UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author Touroult, Julien https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4619-5590 UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author Robert, Solène UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author Vest, Frederic UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author HORELLOU, Arnaud UMS Patrimoine Naturel (PatriNat) (OFB-CNRS-MNHN), Paris, France author Poncet, Laurent 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e71265 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e71265 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71265/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71265/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71265/download/xml/ In France, a ‘natural zone of ecological, faunistic or floristic value’ (Zone Naturelle d'Intérêt Écologique, Faunistique et Floristique - ZNIEFF) is a natural area regionally known for its remarkable ecological characteristics. The ZNIEFF inventory is a naturalist and scientific survey program launched in 1982 by the Ecology Ministry, with support from the French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN).This paper describes the ZNIEFF national dataset, which comprises 1 013 25 synthesised data for various animal (38%), vegetal (59%) and fungus (2%) species in terrestrial and marine zones (the last download took place on 26 May 2020). A total of 19 842 sites throughout continental France as well as in the overseas departments and territories (Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, La Réunion, French Guiana, Saint-Martin, Saint-Barthélemy and Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon) are included in the ZNIEFF dataset (last download: 26 May 2020). This dataset is now available in open access.All data were collected by skilled naturalists using professional protocols over almost 40 years. They consist mainly of observations of rare, threatened or endemic species, all validated by regional experts. Data is updated twice a year after national validation. Some of the observed of species, the so-called ‘trigger species’ or ‘determinant’ species, are of central interest for a site to be considered a ZNIEFF (zone of high ecological value). This concerns more than 35 000 taxa, mainly angiosperms, insects, fungi, birds and fish. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers key biodiversity areas trigger species natural heritage survey terrestrial and marine biodiversity The nationwide ‘ZNIEFF’ inventory in France: a free dataset of more than one million synthesised species data in zones of high ecological value Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e70983 2021-07-14 preprints

Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Canary Islands, Spain author Millán Gabet, Vanessa Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias, Canary Islands, Spain author Rodrigo Sanz, Marta Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, France author Amouroux, Isabelle Fundacion AZTI (AZTI), San Sebastian, Spain author Belzunce Segarra, Maria Jesus https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6533-7638 Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Essex, United Kingdom author Bersuder, Philippe Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Essex, United Kingdom author Bolam, Thi Instituto Portugues do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA),, Lisbon, Portugal author Caetano, Miguel Instituto Superior Tecnico (IST), Lisbon, Portugal author Correia dos Santos, Margarida University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom author Fones, Gary R. Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, France author Gonzalez, Jean-Louis Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, France author Guesdon, Stephane Fundacion AZTI (AZTI), San Sebastian, Spain author Larreta, Joana University of Cagliari (UNICA), Cagliari, Italy author Marras, Barbara Marine Institute (MI), Galway, Ireland author McHugh, Brendan Fundacion AZTI (AZTI), San Sebastian, Spain author Mentxaka, Iratxe Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Nantes, France author Menet-Nedelec, Florence University of Cagliari (UNICA), Cagliari, Italy author Montero, Natalia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-4229 Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland author Regan, Fiona Marine Scotland Science (MSS), Aberdeen, United Kingdom author Robinson, Craig D. Fundacion AZTI (AZTI), San Sebastian, Spain author Rodriguez, Jose German https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4851 University of Cagliari (UNICA), Cagliari, Italy author Schintu, Marco Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland author White, Blánaid https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-8752 University of Lancaster, Lancaster, United Kingdom author Zhang, Hao 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e70983 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70983 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70983/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70983/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/70983/download/xml/ This good practice guide is focused on the DGT devices, which are the most widely used passive sampler for metals, covering the following aspects:■ Principle■ Handling passive sampling devices for metals■ Estimation of appropriate field deployment time■ A Good Practice Guide for the Use of DGTs■ Passive sampling device preparation and assembly■ Selection of sampling site and safety precautions■ Passive sampling device deployment and retrieval■ Extraction of analytes from passive sampling devices■ Analysis■ Calculations text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Diffusive Gradient in Thin films (DGT) A Good Practice Guide for the Use of DGTs. Sampling of metals in transitional and coastal waters by Diffusive Gradient in Thin films (DGT) technique Guidelines

10.3897/arphapreprints.e71603 2021-07-14 preprints

Washington Metropolitan University, Washington, DC, United States of America The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States of America Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America Texas Advanced Computing Center, Austin, TX, United States of America author Padilla-Sanchez, Victor https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-2884 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e71603 2021 project Planning for XSEDE: the eXtreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment 0941686 funder National Science Foundation 10.13039/100000001 10.3897/arphapreprints.e71603 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71603/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71603/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71603/download/xml/ COVID19 pandemic has disrupted our lives since December 2019 causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. After more than a year we have vaccines that are effective in preventing the disease even though we are far from finished to vaccinate most of the population. Certain countries are doing better vaccinating people while others are far behind and if that is not enough new variants have appeared that put at risk our progress on defeating COVID19. The virus SARS-CoV-2 is mutating and many mutations change the spike glycoprotein which binds to the human receptor ACE2 sometimes making the virus more infectious and able to evade immunity. One virus variant of concern (VoC) is the one called delta which is becoming prevalent very quickly among new infections. The delta variant is a real threat for many people that are not vaccinated. Here I present molecular dynamics of the receptor binding domain in complex with its receptor ACE2 to shed light on the structural interactions that make this variant more dangerous. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers SARS-CoV-2 COVID19 NAMD VMD molecular dynamics UCSF Chimera ChimeraX structural biology computational biology supercomputer Frontera virology delta variant spike glycoprotein coronavirus Molecular Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant Receptor Binding Domain in Complex with ACE2 Receptor Data Paper (Generic)

10.3897/arphapreprints.e71873 2021-07-22 preprints

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile author Lavandero, Nicolás https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-5078 Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile author Santilli, Ludovica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-3441 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile author Pérez, Maria Fernanda 2021-07-22 2021-07-22 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e71873 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e71873 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71873/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71873/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/71873/download/xml/ A new species of Calceolaria endemic to central Chile is described. A comparison with morphologically similar species is made, and a key as well as detailed images to differentiate them is provided. The species is only known from the Natural Sanctuary Cerro El Roble, which is part of the coastal mountain range of central Chile and can be considered as  Critically Endangered (CR) under the IUCN categories and criteria. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Chilean Mediterranean hotspot Cerro el Roble endemism montane flora South America taxonomy Calceolaria flavida (Calceolariaceae) a new endemic species to central Chile  Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72184 2021-07-26 preprints

author Guzmán-Jacob, Valeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-4541 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany author Weigelt, Patrick https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2485-3708 Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile author Craven, Dylan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3940-833X Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany author Zotz, Gerhard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6823-2268 Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico author Krömer, Thorsten https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-8172 Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany author Kreft, Holger https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4471-8236 2021-07-26 2021-07-26 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72184 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72184 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72184/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72184/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72184/download/xml/ This data paper describes a new, comprehensive database (BIOVERA-Epi) on species distributions and leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes, a poorly studied plant group, along gradients of elevation and forest-use intensity in the central part of Veracruz State, Mexico. The distribution data includes frequencies of 271 vascular epiphyte species belonging to 92 genera and 23 families across 120 20 m × 20 m forest plots at eight study sites along an elevational gradient from sea level to 3500 m a.s.l. In addition, BIOVERA-Epi provides information on 1595 measurements of nine morphological and chemical leaf traits from 474 individuals and 102 species. For morphological leaf traits, we provide data on each sampled leaf. For chemical leaf traits, we provide data at the species level per site and land-use type. We also provide complementary information for each of the sampled plots and host trees. BIOVERA-Epi contributes to an emerging body of synthetic epiphytes studies combining functional traits and community composition.BIOVERA-Epi includes data on species frequency and leaf traits from 120 forest plots distributed along an elevational gradient including six different forest types and three levels of forest-use intensity. It will expand the breadth of studies on epiphyte diversity, conservation, and functional plant ecology in the Neotropics and will contribute to future synthetic studies on the ecology and diversity of tropical epiphyte assemblages. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers elevational gradient vascular epiphytes functional traits forest-use intensity carbon isotope ratio nitrogen isotope ratio. Biovera-Epi: A new database on species diversity, community composition, and leaf functional traits of vascular epiphytes along an elevational gradient in Mexico Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72206 2021-07-27 preprints

author Sun, Yue Yancheng Teachers University, yancheng, China author 俞, 蕾 Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China author Li, Xinzheng 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72206 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72206 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72206/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72206/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72206/download/xml/ A new species of the orbiniid genus Phylo, P. heterochaetus sp. n., is described based on material collected from northern Yellow Sea, China. This is the thirteenth species in Phylo Kinberg, 1866. The new species can be easily identified by the combination of the following characters: anterior thorax with 13 setigers, interramal cirri absent, anterior thoracic neuropodia with 4–5 rows of uncini, intermixed with few subuluncini in the first 1–2 rows, ventral fringe of numerous of stomach papillae present on setigers 12–24. We also described and illustrated P. fimbriata, which is recorded for the first time from China seas. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Orbiniidae Phylo taxonomy new species China Seas A new species and new recorded species of Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942 (Annedia: Polychaeta) from China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72208 2021-07-27 preprints

author Liu, Yingxun College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China author Pu, Yingting Sihcuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, China author Wang, Xuming Sihcuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, China author Wang, Xin College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China author Liao, Rui College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China author Tang, Keyi Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China author Shunde, Chen College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China author Yue, Bisong Sichuan Academy of Forestry, Chengdu, China author Shaoying, Liu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1382-7149 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72208 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72208 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72208/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72208/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72208/download/xml/ The missing-toothed pygmy weasel, Mustela aistoodonnivalis Wu and Kao, 1991, was originally described from Zhouzhi and Zhashui in the Qingling Mountains in Shaanxi province, China. Subsequently it was considered a subspecies of M. nivalis. During a faunal survey of northwest Sichuan, some specimens of M. aistoodonnivalis were collected. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that M. aistoodonnivalis formed a distinct clade that was sister to M. eriminea based on one mitochondrial gene and six nuclear genes. Morphologically, there was an obvious difference between M. aistoodonnivalis and M. nivalis, especially the lack of the second lower molar. Geometric morphology studies and species delimitation analysis revealed the valid species status of M. aistoodonnivalis. In summary, we confirm that M. aistoodonnivalis is an independent species rather than a subspecies of M. nivalis, and that it is more closely related to Mustela eriminea. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers geometric morphology Mustela aistoodonnivalis Mustela nivalis second lower molar phylogeny species identification Status emendation of Mustela aistoodonnivalis (Mustelidae: Carnivora) based on molecular phylogenetic and morphology Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72248 2021-07-27 preprints

Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 71500, Heraklion, Crete, Greece author Nikolopoulou, Stamatina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7111-7738 Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Major Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria author Berov, Dimitar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5235-7800 Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Major Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria author Klayn, Stefania https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-8155 Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 40 First May St, 9000, Varna, Bulgaria author Dimitrov, Lyubomir Centre for underwater archaeology, Khan Krum sq. 1, 8130, Sozopol, Bulgaria author Velkovsky, Kiril Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 71500, Heraklion, Crete, Greece author Chatzinikolaou, Eva https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-5105 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 71500, Heraklion, Crete, Greece author Chatzigeorgiou, Giorgos https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-6542 Laboratory of Marine Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Major Yurii Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria author Karamfilov, Ventzislav Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), 71500, Heraklion, Crete, Greece author Pavloudi, Christina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-6067 2021-07-27 2021-07-27 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72248 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72248 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72248/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72248/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72248/download/xml/ Habitat mapping is nеcessary for the efficient conservation and protection of marine ecosystems. In addition, it is a requirement for EU Member States as stated in the European Union (EU) Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), as well as necessary for the achievement and maintenance of 'good environmental status (GES)' of benthic marine habitats in the framework of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (2008/56/EC).This study provides baseline information on the marine benthic habitats of Sozopol Bay (Black Sea) and Karpathos and Saria islands (Mediterranean Sea). These two Natura 2000 sites were selected as study sites of the RECONNECT project, which aimed at creating a transnational cooperative network to confront the environmental threats of ecosystems with a high natural and cultural interest, by the establishment of common practices and a joint regional strategy. The specific objective was to map the marine habitats using a defined a priori classification (EUNIS), with the ultimate purpose of supporting government marine spatial planning, management and decision-making processes through the development of a Decision Support System. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers habitat mapping marine benthic ecosystems Karpathos Saria Sozopol Posidonia oceanica Zostera spp. EUNIS Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Benthic habitat mapping of Plazh Gradina – Zlatna ribka (Black Sea) and Karpathos and Saria islands (Mediterranean Sea) Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72477 2021-08-02 preprints

author Shuyu, Wei Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China author Wang, Ming-fu Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China author Zhang, Dong 2021-08-02 2021-08-02 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72477 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72477 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72477/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72477/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72477/download/xml/ The Fannidae includes over 400 described species mainly known from the Holarctic Region. Species in Oriental Region is under estimate.A new species of the genus Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) is described from Yunnan, Oriental part of China, namely Fannia menglaensis sp. nov. The detailed description and morphological photographs of F. menglaensis are provided. All specimens are preserved in the Museum of Beijing Forestry University. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers new species Fannia fuscinata-group Yunnan male terminalia One new species of Fannia (Diptera, Fanniidae) from Yunnan, China Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72509 2021-08-02 preprints

Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia author Hanim, Nisfa author Farajallah, Achmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-6528 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia author Putri, Vinna 2021-08-02 2021-08-02 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72509 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72509 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72509/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72509/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72509/download/xml/ The report of genus Emerita from Indonesia has only contained one species, namely Emerita emeritus. They were found on the west coast of Sumatera and the south coast of Java. Although Indonesia is the number two country in the world that has long beaches and is dominated by sandy beaches, as the preferred habitat for sand crabs, reports regarding these biotas in Indonesia are still limited. The previous studies have expected about the occurrence of the other species which was related to Emerita emeritus in Southern Java.We reported the new species of Emerita which was found in Pangandaran beach, West Java. We found it in an intertidal area, near Citonjong Estuary. Here, we described and illustrated the species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers intertidal new Emerita sand crab southern Java Emerita pangandaranensis sp. nov., a new sand crab (Anomura: Hippidae) from South Coast of Java, Indonesia Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72516 2021-08-02 preprints

Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Song, Puqing State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China author Liu, Cheng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1282-2621 Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Cai, Zizi Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Liu, Shigang College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Xiang, Jiali Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China author Shan, Binbin Guangxi Academy of Oceanography, Oceanic Administration of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi, China author Ji, Dongping Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China author Li, Yuan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9996-3197 author Lin, Longshan 2021-08-02 2021-08-02 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72516 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72516 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72516/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72516/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72516/download/xml/ Yellowfin seabream is an important economic fish that is widely distributed in the East and South China seas. Many attempts to enhance stocks of yellowfin seabream have occurred in China, but a lack of genetic information for this species after stock release represents an obstacle to its management and conservation. To provide scientific guidance for sustainable germplasm resource development, we sequence the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) of 123 yellowfin seabream from 6 sample populations (Xiamen, Dongshan I, Dongshan II, Yangjiang, Fangchenggang, and Beibu Gulf). Populations of both wild and cultured yellowfin seabream have high genetic diversity, which we relate to their breeding habits and growth rate. A neighbor-joining tree of CR haplotypes reveals no specific phylogenetic structure corresponding to location of fish capture. Both neutral test and nucleotide mismatch distribution analyses suggest that yellowfin seabream have experienced population expansion events. Pleistocene glacial periods and recent stock releases have played important roles in the formation of present-day phylogeographical patterns. Our study provides baseline information which will assist future research on genetic structure, genetic diversity, and historical demography of yellowfin seabream after stock release in southeast China coastal waters. The use of exotic seeds should be avoided in stock breeding and release, and relevant follow-up surveys and genetic monitoring should be undertaken to clarify the genetic impact of exotic seed use on wild populations. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Control region genetic diversity population structure stock enhancement Yellowfin seabream mitochondrial DNA demography phylogeny Genetic characteristics of yellow seabream Acanthopagrus latus (Houttuyn, 1782) (Teleostei: Sparidae) after stock enhancement in southeastern China coastal waters Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72533 2021-08-03 preprints

Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Zhang, Xinjian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0668-8497 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Chen, Jun-Tong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4561-4327 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China author Li, Lijuan Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Luo, Pengrui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-3366 College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China author Peng, Jing-Yi Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Huang, Xianhan CAS Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China author Sun, Hang author Deng, Tao 2021-08-03 2021-08-03 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72533 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72533 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72533/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72533/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72533/download/xml/ Saxifraga viridiflorum, a remarkable new species of the genus Saxifraga sect. Irregulares (Saxifragaceae) from Guangxi, is described and illustrated herein. This new species morphologically differs from all known congeneric taxa by its greenish petals, verruculose sepals, and thick leathery leaf blade abaxially scarlet with white spots.  text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Saxifragaceae China Guangxi new species taxonomy Saxifraga viridiflorum, an unusual new species from Guangxi, China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72543 2021-08-03 preprints

author Santamaria, Erika Pan American Health Organization, La Paz, Bolivia author Súarez, Marco Sistema de Información sobre Biodiversidad de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia author Gallego, Ricardo Group of Entomology, National Institute of Health, Bogotá, Colombia author Fuya, Patricia Universidad Distrital, Bogotá, Colombia author Páez, Geraldine Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Grupo de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente, Bogota, Colombia Group of Entomology, National Institute of Health, Bogotá, Colombia author Marceló Díaz, Catalina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-9365 2021-08-03 2021-08-03 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72543 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72543 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72543/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72543/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72543/download/xml/ The collection of insects of medical importance from the National Institute of Health (Colombia) INS, was started in 1934 with the aim of being an institutional and national repository of the biodiversity of insects involved in vector-borne diseases of importance in public health. Today, the entomological collection includes more than 7.500 specimens.The ceratopogonids insects are one of the Groups of Diptera that conform this collection. Within the Ceratopogonidae family, are the insects of the genera Culicoides which are relevant in public health because of the nuisance caused by their bites when they are presented in great abundance and because of their role as transmitters of several agents (virus, protozoa and nematodes) that causes diseases to the humans and to the animals (Mullen 2002, Kettle 1995). Brief of the Ceratopogonidae insects (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) found in the collection, is presented here. A total of 801 individuals of this family rest in the collection, mainly adult of the genus Culicoides (90%). The collection is the result of the effort of several researchers through the history of the Group of Entomology (INS). These researchers collected ceratopogonids when they went to different transmission scenarios of the vector-borne diseases in Colombia, with the purpose of making the entomological characterizations. The effort of the researchers also included the processing, assembly, and identification of the specimens in the laboratory.New information about the geographical distribution of 39 species of the genera Culicoides appears for Colombia. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Public Health Ceratopogonidae Oropouche virus infection biting midges entomology occurrence specimen Colombia Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Colombia: records from the collection of insects of medical importance from National Institute of Health Data Paper

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72657 2021-08-06 preprints

author Comoglio, Lorenzo Friedberg 20, Pasewalk, Germany author Brechlin, Ronald 2021-08-06 2021-08-06 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72657 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72657 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72657/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72657/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72657/download/xml/ An updated and comprehensive checklist of wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) from Colombia is presented, including their occurrence status in each Colombian department. In Colombia, there are a total of 6 subfamilies, 55 genera, and 602 species of Saturniidae. Current distribution data shows that one genus and 310 species are endemic to Colombia. As a result of the description of many new species for the neotropics, some species names presented in the first checklist of Colombian Saturniidae (Amarillo-Suárez 2000) are obsolete. The following taxa, hitherto treated as subspecies, are raised to species status: Arsenura lemairei Racheli & Racheli, 1998 stat. nov. from A. thomsoni Schaus, 1906; Copiopteryx banghaasi Draudt, 1930 stat. nov. from C. semiramis (Cramer, 1775); and Rhescyntis norax Druce, 1897 stat. nov. from R. hippodamia Druce, 1897. A new combination is proposed in this context: Copiopteryx banghaasi andensis (Lemaire, 1974) comb. nov. In addition, Bathyphlebia aglia gschwandneri Schawerda, 1925 stat. nov. is removed from its synonymy with B. aglia Felder & Felder, 1874 and here treated as a subspecies of the latter. Furthermore, Rothschildia equatorialis bogotana Rothschild, 1907 stat. rev., comb. nov. is reinstated as a subspecies, but now from equatorialis Rothschild, 1907 and not from orizaba (Westwood, 1853). The following taxa are recognized as new synonyms: Rhescyntis hippodamia colombiana (Bouvier, 1927) syn. nov. of Rhescyntis norax Druce, 1897, Therinia transversaria columbiana (Jordan, 1924) syn. nov. of Therinia transversaria (Druce, 1887), and Rothschildia arethusa rhodina Jordan, 1911 syn nov. of Rothschildia arethusa (Walker, 1855). Old records of taxa that recently could not be found in Colombia have been removed due to new evidence. The purpose is to avoid confusion with old names and provide an updated list of Colombian species, including many recently described taxa. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Bombycoidea distribution endemics neotropics South America An updated checklist of the wild silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) of Colombia Checklist

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72774 2021-08-09 preprints

author Gaite, Paul Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-8332 Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Aala, Wilson Jr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-1109 Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Bacus, Michael Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Labrador, Christian Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Numeron, April Mae Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Wildlife-Human Interaction Studies, Ecological Research and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Gamalo, Lief Erikson Department of Biological Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Wildlife-Human Interaction Studies, Ecological Research and Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines Philippine Genome Center Mindanao, University of the Philippines Mindanao, Davao City, Philippines author Murao, Lyre Anni 2021-08-09 2021-08-09 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72774 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72774 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72774/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72774/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72774/download/xml/ The technical limitations of capillary sequencing in providing insights on phylogeny have been greatly aided in recent years by the implementation of next generation sequencing platforms which can generate whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences. In this study, enriched mitochondrial DNA of Cynopterus brachyotis from Mindanao, Philippines was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. A total of 653,967 clean paired-end reads was assembled using a MIRA-MITObim pipeline, resulting to a consensus mitogenome sequence length of 17,382 bases and a GC content of 41.48%, which is consistent with other published mitogenomes in fruit bats. The assembled C. brachyotis mitogenome was annotated using the MITOS online server and was able to resolve all mitochondrial genes, except for one transfer RNA gene (trnT) which may be further resolved by additional capillary sequencing of the region. Sequence analysis showed that the Philippine C. brachyotis is only 90%-91% homologous with other Cynopterus spp. based on its full mitogenome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis of fruit bat mitogenomes deposited in online repositories revealed that the Philippine C. brachyotis in this study has diverged from Asian Cynopterus, namely Cynopterus brachyotis and Cynopterus sphinx from other parts of Asia (100% bootstrap support) with the latter two forming a separate clade. This divergence at the species level was consistent with phylogentic inference using cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and cytochrome B (cytb) gene markers. Our results strengthen the previously reported hypothesis that the C. brachyotis in the Philippines is distinct from its Asian counterparts and should be therefore elevated to a new species. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers NGS mitogenome bats taxonomy phylogenetic analysis The first complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838) from the Philippines Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72776 2021-08-09 preprints

Rwandan Association of Ecologists (ARECO Rwanda), Kigali, Rwanda Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China author NTIRENGANYA, ELIE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-5693 Agronomy and Biotechnology College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China author Li, Yajin https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-3021 Biotechnology and Engineering College, West Yunnan University, Lincang, 677000, China author Yanlan, Xie The Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China author Yanli, Zhou Plant Protection College, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China author ZHANG, HONGRUI https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0089-1099 2021-08-09 2021-08-09 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72776 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72776 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72776/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72776/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72776/download/xml/ Thysanoptera is one of the most predominant order of insects in different ecological zones with worldwide distribution. Due to their small size there is a big gap in their distribution and host range data. To the best of our knowledge there is no investigation on thrips distribu+tion and host range in Xishuangbanna. Currently, a total 566 species in 155 genera are listed in China, of which 313 species represent Terebrantia. In this study, a list of 115 species representing 54 genera within 2 families (Aeolothripidae & Thripidae) is provided.Two of these, Dichromomothrips nakahari Moud, 1976 (Subfamily: Thripinae) and Phibalothrips rugosus Kudo, 1979 (Subfamily: Panchaetothripinae) are newly recorded in China. Thrips species with their host ranges, habits, and habitats are provided. Our study will contribute to the global biodiversity distribution data-gap of Thysanoptera. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers thrips host range distribution biodiversity  conservation Checklist of order Terebrantia (Thysanoptera): generic diversity and species composition in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province, China Taxonomy & Inventories

10.3897/arphapreprints.e72231 2021-08-17 preprints

Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom author Brown, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8887-3628 University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom author Breeze, Tom Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France author Bulet, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-265X ANSES, Paris, France author Chauzat, Marie-Pierre Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria author Boyadzhieva, Iva Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden author de Miranda, Joachim University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany author Klein, Alexandra-Maria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-8575 Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia author Mand, Marika https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5817 author Metodiev, Teodor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3905-1158 University of Mons, Bruxelles, Belgium author Michez, Denis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-1838 University of Udine, Udine, Italy author Nazzi, Francesco https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2085-7621 University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland author Neumann, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-5215 Martin-Luther-Unversitä, Halle, Germany author Paxton, Robert University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom author Potts, Simon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-980X Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland author Stout, Jane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-0863 Royal Holloway, University of London, London, United Kingdom author Turney, Gail University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland author Yañez, Orlando https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-2726 2021-08-17 2021-08-17 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e72231 2021 project Pan-european assessment, monitoring, and mitigation Of Stressors on the Health of BEEs PoshBee 773921 funder European Commission 10.13039/501100000780 10.3897/arphapreprints.e72231 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72231/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72231/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/72231/download/xml/ PoshBee is a 5-year funded project (2018-2023) that aims to support healthy bee populations, sustainable beekeeping, and consequently pollination for crops and wildflowers across Europe. To do this we take a range of approaches, from the laboratory to the field, from molecules to ecosystems, and from fundamental science to risk assessment. This document is an edited version of the original funding proposal that was submitted to the European Commission. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Environmental health Animal physiology Entomology Environmental stressors Apiculture Animal health Nutrition Pathogens/Parasites PoshBee: Pan-European Assessment, Monitoring, and Mitigation of Stressors on the Health of Bees Grant Proposal

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73387 2021-08-23 preprints

author Santilli, Ludovica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-3441 Pontificia Universidad Catolica, Santiago, Chile author Pérez, Maria Fernanda Independent, Copiapó, Chile author de Schrevel, Claire Independent, Copiapó, Chile author Dandois, Philippe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1955-1294 Independent, Santiago, Chile author Mondaca, Hector Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile author Lavandero, Nicolás https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2390-5078 2021-08-23 2021-08-23 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73387 2021 funder Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica 10.13039/501100010751 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73387 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73387/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73387/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73387/download/xml/ Nicotiana knightiana is recorded for the first time for the flora of Chile. A new species of Nicotiana, endemic to the coast of the Coquimbo region is described and illustrated. Molecular analysis placed the new species within the section Paniculatae, as sister to Nicotiana cordifolia, endemic to Juan Fernandez islands. The new species can be considered critically endangered (CR) according to the IUCN categories for its restricted and fragmented distribution, small population number, and the threat that urbanization and mining activities represent for the conservation of the biodiversity of the area. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Coquimbo endemism exotic species Nicotianoidae systematics taxonomy. Nicotiana rupicola sp. nov and Nicotiana knightiana (Paniculatae, Solanaceae), a new endemic and a new record for the flora of Chile Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73467 2021-08-25 preprints

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Chascomus, Argentina Laboratorio de Ictiofisiología y Acuicultura, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de San Martin, Chascomus, Argentina author BRIÑOCCOLI, Yanina F. Universidad Maimónides, Buenos Aires, Argentina author Bogan, Sergio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4414-1804 University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, United States of America author Arcila, Dahiana Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Argentina author Rosso, Juan José https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-9385 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Argentina author MABRAGAÑA, Ezequiel Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Argentina author Delpiani, Sergio Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina author Diaz de Astarloa, Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9250-1771 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina author Cardoso, Yamila https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3497-4359 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73467 2021 funder Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica 10.13039/501100003074 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73467 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73467/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73467/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73467/download/xml/ We conducted a review of the Neotropical genus Acrobrycon. A previous study synonymized the two recognized species in the genus: A. ipanquianus, distributed from the western portion of the Amazon River to the northwest region of the La Plata River Basin, and A. tarijae, described from the Lipeo River in Bolivia. We revisited this result by collecting additional morphometric, meristic, and genetic data (COI mitochondrial gene) for 24 individuals distributed along La Plata River Basin in Argentina, and discussed our results in the context of multiple biogeographic process of isolation in this basin. Our results revealed a more complex history of diversification and geographic distribution across Acrobrycon species than previously suspected. We present new evidence that leads us to reconsider the validity of A. tarijae, which is distinguished from A. ipanquianus by the number of vertebrae (37-39 vs. 41-42), pleural ribs (12-13 vs 14), and unbranched anal-fin rays (v-vi vs. ii-iii). These results were supported by molecular analysis which showed a genetic divergence >4% between both nominal species, also, indicated two major genetic clusters of A. tarijae: the first group consisted of specimens from the Bermejo, Pilcomayo, Itiyuro and Juramento River Basins (northern Argentina), and the second group is composed by specimens from the southernmost basins, such as the Salí River in Tucumán and the Quinto River in the province of San Luis. These results suggest that the genetic structure may be a consequence of the geographical distance that separates the two groups and the type of drainage. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Freshwater fishes Stevardiinae mitochondrial DNA Endorheic La Plata River Basin Molecular and taxonomic evidence unmask hidden species diversity in the genus Acrobrycon (Characiformes, Characidae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73692 2021-08-30 preprints

Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam author Nguyen, Quoc Binh Southern Institute of Ecology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam author Nguyen, Hieu Cuong Institute of Ecology and Biological Resource, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam author Tran, Duc Binh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-0739 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resource, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam author Nguyen, Phuong Hanh Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam Southern Institute of Ecology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam author Luu, Hong Truong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-7081 2021-08-30 2021-08-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73692 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73692 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73692/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73692/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73692/download/xml/ Isotrema putalengense Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen is described as a new species from northern Vietnam. It looks most morphologically like I. wardianum but is distinguishable by a combination of different leafy and floral characters. Morphological comparison between the new plant and closest species is provided. In addition, combinations of two recently described Aristolochia species are made, namely Isotrema vuquangense (T.V.Do) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen and Isotrema yachangense (B.G.Huang, Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang) Luu, Q.B.Nguyen & H.C.Nguyen. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Aristolochia subgenus Siphisia combination Isotrema new species Vietnam Isotrema putalengense, a new species of Aristolochiaceae from northern Vietnam and two new combinations in Isotrema Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73693 2021-08-30 preprints

University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan author SULTANA, RIFFAT University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan author Sanam, Suriya Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Bahawalpur, Pakistan author Kumar, Santosh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-4087 Sir Syed college, Kannur University, Kerala, Kerala, India author Shamsudeen, Sheik Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, Khairpur, Pakistan author Soomro, Fakhra 2021-08-30 2021-08-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73693 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73693 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73693/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73693/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73693/download/xml/ The family Gryllidae is reviewed, resulting in the recognition of seventeen species, of which one is Modicogryllus? described herein as new. Four species namely Acheta hispanicus Rambur, 1838, Gryllus septentrionalis F. Walker, 1869 and Callogryllus saeedi (Saeed 2000) and Miogryllus itaquiensis Orsini and Zefa, 2017 recorded as new country and state records. Differences to similar species are given and a taxonomic key to species of the Sindh Pakistan is provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Gryllidae reviewed new species Sindh Pakistan taxonomic key A review of Gryllidae (Grylloidea) with the description of one new species and four new records from the Sindh Pakistan Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73696 2021-08-30 preprints

author Zhou, Tingting https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-6751 State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China author Wang, Hongzhu State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China author Cui, Yongde 2021-08-30 2021-08-30 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73696 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73696 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73696/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73696/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73696/download/xml/ Exploring the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in species identification is prerequisite for biodiversity conservation and environmental monitoring. Aquatic oligochaete could serve as an excellent indicator in aquatic monitoring programs. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of DNA barcoding in these specific organisms. The mitochondrial COI gene and nuclear ITS2 gene of 83 specimens belonging to 36 species of 18 genera were sequenced in this study. The results showed that there was a barcode gap between species of Naididae, and the intraspecific genetic distances of each species were smaller than interspecific genetic distances. The classification results of ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) were consistent with those of morphological identification except for Tubifex tubifex and Lumbriculus variegatus. All species were successfully distinguished in the phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 gene, which was coincident with morphological result. Our results provided evidence that DNA barcoding can be used as an effective and convenient tool for species identification of the family Naididae and even aquatic oligochaete. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers aquatic oligochaete Naididae DNA barcoding COI ITS2 DNA barcoding of Naididae (Annelida, Oligochaeta) based on COI and ITS2 genes in China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73577 2021-08-31 preprints

Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China author Deng, Min South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China author Wang, Min Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China author Tang, Chao Hainan Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Haikou City, China author Cai, Bo Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China author Ma, Guang-Chang Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China author Huang, Guo-Hua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6841-0095 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73577 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73577 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73577/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73577/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73577/download/xml/ A new species, Cephonodes sanshaensis Deng & Huang sp. nov. is described from Xisha Islands in Sansha City of China. The photos of the adults and their genitalia are provided. The new species is similar to C. hylas (Linnaeus, 1771) and C. picus (Cramer, 1777), but it can be distinguished easily by characters in the male genitalia: the right lobe of the uncus hook-shaped with distinctly acute apex, left valva long and narrow with truncate apex, right valva broad knife-shaped. Molecular analysis based on COI barcode sequences is used to infer the phylogenetic position of the new species within the genus Cephonodes. An updated key and checklist to the species of the genus Cephonodes are also provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Cephonodes molecular identification new species taxonomy Cephonodes sanshaensis sp. nov. (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) from Xisha Islands, Hainan Province, China Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73746 2021-08-31 preprints

University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa author Madika, Lydia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-5286 University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa author Moteetee, Annah https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-2506 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73746 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73746 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73746/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73746/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73746/download/xml/ The aim of the study is to provide a revision of the genus Cynoglossum in southern Africa. The genus is taxonomically problematic within the family Boraginaceae, due to the morphological similarities it shares with other closely related genera in the family. Cynoglossum plants are low-growing biennial, perennial, or rarely annual herbs which are recognizable by their hairy stems and leaves, the latter are usually basal and long petiolate. Based on the latest checklist, a total of eight species of this genus are listed for the study region: C. alticola, C. amabile, C. austroafricanum, C. coeruleum var. mannii, C. hispidum, C. lanceolatum, C. obtusicalyx (endemic to South Africa), and C. spelaeum. The occurrence of C. amabile in the region, however, requires further investigation since the only existing specimen was collected within a protected area in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Two specimens collected in the Doornpoort area in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, assigned to this species appear to have been misidentified. Diagnostic characters are described, correct nomenclature, synonyms, typification, distribution maps, as well as the key for identifying the studied species are provided. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers Boraginaceae Cynoglossum Taxonomic revision Southern Africa Taxonomic revision of the southern African species of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae) Research Article

10.3897/arphapreprints.e73752 2021-08-31 preprints

SLU, Uppsala, Sweden SLU, Uppsala, Sweden author Helldin, Jan Olof 2021-08-31 2021-08-31 2021 ARPHA Preprints 2 e73752 2021 10.3897/arphapreprints.e73752 https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73752/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73752/download/pdf/ https://preprints.arphahub.com/article/73752/download/xml/ Crossing structures for large wildlife are increasingly being constructed at major roads and railways in many countries, and current guidelines for wildlife mitigation at linear infrastructures tend to advocate for large crossing structures sited at major movement corridors for the target species. The concept of movement corridors has however been challenged, and pinching animal movements into bottlenecks entail risks. In this paper, I address the SLOSS dilemma of road ecology, i.e., the discussion whether a Single Large Or Several Small crossing structures along a linear barrier would produce the most benefit for wildlife. I point out risks, ecological as well as practical, with investing in one large crossing structure, and list a number of situations where it may be more beneficial to distribute the conservation efforts in the landscape by constructing several smaller crossing structures; for example when the ecological knowledge is insufficient, when animal interactions are expected to be significant, when the landscape changes over time, or when future human development cannot be controlled. I argue that such situations are often what infrastructure planning faces, and that the default strategy therefore should be to distribute rather than to concentrate passage opportunities along major transport infrastructures. I suggest that distributing passage opportunities over several smaller crossing structures would convey a risk diversification, and that this strategy could facilitate the planning of wildlife mitigation. What to choose would however depend on, i.a., landscape composition and ecology, and on relationships among target species. A single large should be selected where it is likely that it can serve a large proportion of target animals, and where the long-term functionality of the crossing structure can be guaranteed. I illustrate how species and regional differences may influence the choice, using the case of ungulates in Sweden. New research is needed to support trade-offs between size and number of crossing structures. Cost-effectiveness analyses of wildlife crossing structures are currently rare and need to be further explored. Camera trapping and video surveillance of crossing structures provide opportunities to analyze details concerning, for example, any individual biases according to sex, age, status and grouping, and any antagonism between species and individuals. Wildlife ecology research need to better address questions posed by road and railway planning regarding the importance of specific movement routes and movement distances. text/html en_US Pensoft Publishers wildlife crossing structures mitigation planning Sweden SLOSS The SLOSS dilemma of road ecology: Are several small wildlife crossing structures better than a single large? Forum Paper cGFnZT0xJnNldD1wcmVwcmludHMmZnJvbT0mdW50aWw9Jm1ldGFkYXRhX3ByZWZpeD1tb2Rz