Preprint
ARPHA Preprints
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e122499 (11 Mar 2024)
https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e122499 (11 Mar 2024)
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ARPHA Preprints
doi:
10.3897/arphapreprints.e122499
First posted
11 Mar 2024
Authors
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia
Imam Hartono Bangun 
- Corresponding author
- Corresponding author
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
Faculty of Social and Politic, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Universitas Kristen, Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Medan, Indonesia
Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
Faculty of Commerce, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
This is an open access preprint distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.