DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e187329

Authors: Priscila Gil

Abstract: This article introduces a new hypothesis regarding the systemic origin of cancer, framing it not as a random accumulation of malignant mutations but as a dysregulated continuation of an initially adaptive regenerative process. It proposes that chronic or unresolved tissue distress, whether inflammatory, metabolic, or biochemical, activates a repair program mediated by cytokines, immune signals, and growth factors. When internal feedback mechanisms, such as neuroendocrine, immune, or cellular signaling systems, fail to indicate completion, this regenerative response persists abnormally. The result is the emergence of a proliferative state that escapes systemic modulation. This model suggests that tumors are not pathological anomalies, but maladaptive extensions of biological repair efforts that have lost regulatory coherence. It opens a novel conceptual path for interpreting oncogenesis as a process of systemic miscommunication and calls for therapeutic strategies focused on signal recalibration and physiological reintegration, rather than exclusive cytotoxic eradication.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e187326

Authors: Priscila Gil

Abstract: Aberrant cellular adaptation is a hallmark of various chronic diseases, including endometriosis, metaplasia, and fibrotic conditions. This paper proposes a novel hypothesis: that such pathological transformations result from a progressive loss of the original cellular reference pattern under sustained inflammatory and dysregulated conditions. Termed the Dominant Substitution Hypothesis, this model suggests that chronic microenvironmental disruption alters regenerative cues, gradually replacing healthy cell phenotypes with adaptive, yet functionally impaired, variants. Once a critical threshold is reached, the adaptive phenotype becomes dominant, perpetuating dysfunction and inhibiting restoration. The hypothesis integrates evidence from tissue plasticity, extracellular matrix disorganization, epigenetic modulation, microbiota-driven signaling, and immune-hormonal imbalance. Implications for diagnosis, prevention, and regenerative therapy are discussed, with a focus on early intervention to preserve cellular identity and interrupt the degenerative cycle.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e183515

Authors: Antonio Hoguane

Abstract: African estuaries are critical ecosystems that serve as vital interfaces between terrestrial and marine environments, playing indispensable roles in regional and global sustainability. Africa possess the second largest river in the world, the Congo river. This review article synthesizes expert perspectives on the multifaceted importance of these dynamic systems, highlighting their ecological, economic, and social contributions. We explore their significance as biodiversity hotspots, nurseries for commercially important species, natural filters for pollutants, and buffers against climate change impacts. Furthermore, the article examines the threats facing African estuaries, including pollution, habitat degradation, overexploitation, and climate change, and discusses the implications for human well-being and ecosystem resilience. By integrating current research and expert insights, we underscore the urgent need for integrated management strategies and conservation efforts to safeguard these invaluable natural assets for present and future generations.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e182926

Authors: Richard Marijnissen, Dirk S. van Maren, Luis Garrote, David Santillan, Ana Iglesias, Subbiah Bharathi, Xavier Sánchez-Artús, Vicente Gracia, Manuel Espino, Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla, Luciana Villa Castrillon, Benjamin Jacob, Johannes Pein, Wei Chen, Joanna Staneva, Pushpa Dissanayake, Dennis Oberrecht, Andreas Wurpts, Reinier Schrijvershof, R.J.A van Weerdenburg, Frederica Zennaro, Fabienne Horneman, Elisa Furlan, Silvia Torresan, Andrea Critto, Christophe Briere, Julien Fornasari, Rémi Caillibotte, Claire Mahe, Alexis Beudin, Rosaria Ester Musumeci, Massimiliano Marino, Sofia Nasca, Ahmad Alkharoubi, Luca Cavallaro, Enrico Foti, Nikolay Valchev, Petya Eftimova, Elitsa Hineva, Nataliya Andreeva, Grzegorz Różyński, Morgane Jolivet, Thomas Faraon, Olivier Boutron, Mathis Cathala

Abstract: Within this portfolio of restoration interventions, we present a range of model-based projections assessing the impact of large-scale Nature-based Solutions (NbS) on enhancing Eco System Services (ESS) in various coastal systems. This deliverable applies these models to detail how these systems respond to climate change and nature-based interventions intended to mitigate climate change impacts under different Sea Level Rise (SLR) scenarios. The models range from hydro-morphological simulations of future conditions to a machinelearning approach, all aimed at demonstrating the ESS provided by restoration in the future.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e182685

Authors: Aafke Schipper

Abstract: The EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 aims to put biodiversity on the path to recovery by 2030. A key component of the Strategy is the development of a coherent Trans-European Nature Network (TEN-N), to increase the coherence of the existing network of Natura 2000 sites and other nationally designated protected areas by addressing gaps in the coverage of priority habitats and species. The NaturaConnect project supports the design of a TEN-N, amongst others by designing and developing a future-proof blueprint through spatial conservation prioritisation. In this context, it is key to consider multifunctionality, that is, to ensure that the TEN-N addresses not just ecological representativeness but also the ability of nature to meet societal needs or demands through the provisioning of ecosystem services (ES).The present deliverable of NaturaConnect (D4.2) provides a set of ES layers aligned with present and potential future land and climate conditions, designed for use in spatial conservation prioritisation. We generated layers for a selection of regulating and cultural ES, with a focus on climate change mitigation (carbon storage and sequestration) and adaptation (e.g., improving soil retention considering expected increases in the magnitude and frequency of heavy rainfall events), food security (crop pollination, pest control), as well as the capacity of nature to improve people’s mental and physical health by offering opportunities for recreation and experiencing nature. We quantified all ES based on common input data with regard to land systems and climate, to ensure compatibility. Where possible and relevant, we considered ES supply, demand and flow separately.We quantified carbon storage and sequestration according to a book-keeping approach, assigning typical values of the amounts of carbon stored (MgC/ha) and sequestred (MgC/ha/yr) to each land system. We considered only the supply of carbon storage and sequestration, reasoning that the demand for this service is global and considerably larger than the supply. The amounts of carbon stored and sequestered are based on values from the scientific literature and existing datasets which indicate how much carbon is stored and sequestered per land system, and how this would change if the land system underwent a transition (e.g. from forest to cropland). Output maps revealed that forests and wetlands, especially in northern Europe, are characterised by the highest carbon storage and sequestration rates. Croplands are characterised by negative sequestration rates, hence act as sources of emission.We quantified the supply of soil retention based on the ability of vegetation to prevent soil erosion induced by heavy rainfall events, using the universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) to assess soil erosion. Specifically, we quantified the soil retention service (t/ha/yr) based on how much soil loss is prevented by the current vegetation cover, defined per land system, as compared to a counterfactual situation without vegetation. We also quantified the potential additional prevention of soil loss (t/ha/yr) if the vegetation were restored from its current state to a maximum cover. We defined soil retention demand based on the amount of soil loss to be prevented in order to ensure that losses would not exceed the natural soil formation rate. Output maps revealed hotspots of actual and potential additional soil retention demand, supply and flow mainly in mountainous regions, reflecting the key role of terrain slope in determining erodibility as well as the importance of vegetation for reducing it.We modelled the supply of crop pollination based on the potential of pollinator habitat to provide pollinators and the demand based on the presence of nearby cropland in need of pollination. Using observational data from scientific literature and existing databases, we first established a quantitative relationship that estimates wild pollinator abundance in pollinator-dependent cropland (n/m2) based on various ecologically relevant covariates, including the proportion of pollinator habitat within 3 km from the cropland cell. We used this relationship to map pollinator abundance in croplands across Europe, which we subsequently attributed to the cells with pollinator habitat (i.e., the service-providing units) within 3 km from each focal cropland cell, to facilitate application of the model results in spatial conservation prioritisation. Output maps reveal high pollinator abundance values for habitat cells located in areas dominated by cropland, as these habitat cells serve multiple cropland cells, and low values when multiple habitat cells surround a single cropland cell.To assess forest recreational potential, we developed a spatial model based on people’s preferences for forests with different structural characteristics, expressed through the willingness-to-travel (WTT) indicator. Using data from a large-scale visual choice experiment conducted in 12 European countries, we estimated WTT as a function of forest management classes, combined with spatial data on canopy height and tree species diversity. The result is the first Europe-wide map of forest recreational potential, revealing particularly high values in regions with taller, more diverse, and structurally complex forests.We modelled landscape recreational potential based on the recreational opportunities associated with the land systems surrounding each grid cell. We quantify supply based on the number and diversity of land systems that provide recreational opportunities within a given distance from each focal grid cell, and the demand based on the number of potential beneficiaries within a certain distance. Well-supplied areas encompass, among others, the western Iberian peninsula (Portugal) and the Pyrenees, the Auvergne, Rhone-Alpes, and the Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur in France, Ireland, Scotland, the Alps and Dinarides as well as the Baltics (Estonia, Latvia), and large parts of the Scandinavian Peninsula and Finland. Demand is particularly high for the European megacities and the various conurbations and metropolitan areas.Finally, we modelled nine regulating and five cultural species-based ecosystem services provided by terrestrial vertebrate species, including, among others, carrion removal, control of pest species (bark beetles, mosquitoes) and evolutionary heritage. For each service, we modelled supply based on the number of specific vertebrate species able to provide a certain service and demand based on the land system in a grid cell assumed to be in need of the service. Resulting maps show distinct patterns for the different ES, revealing the richness of provider species in areas with demand for each service.The ES layers described in this report were primarily developed to support broad-scale spatial conservation or restoration prioritisation efforts, i.e., efforts to identify and rank planning units (in this case grid cells) based on features considered in need of conservation or restoration. In the NaturaConnect project, the ES layers will be used together with layers of other relevant variables, such as biodiversity features, habitat connectivity and the costs of conservation, to identify pan-European conservation priorities. Beyond NaturaConnect, we expect our layers to be useful in particular for national and sub-national governmental and non-state authorities responsible for land planning, as our maps can help in identifying sites where ES supply or flow are high (indicating a need for conservation) or where demand is high yet supply is low (indicating a need for restoration). This way, we expect the layers and underlying code to be useful for informing land management and conservation planning also beyond the project.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e180508

Authors: Christopher John Topping, Noa Simon Delso, James Henty Williams, Johan Axelman

Abstract: EU chemical regulation remains slow, costly, and prone to “ecological surprises” such as unforeseen negative impacts, delayed neonicotinoid bans and ongoing pollinatordecline. Current approaches create silos, overlook cumulative impacts, and trap decisions in binary “safe/unsafe” categories.A systems-first, tools-second approach can deliver faster, cheaper, and more effective decisions by prioritising simulation and systems understanding before developing regulatory tools forEnvironmental Risk Assessment (ERA).Horizon Europe’s PollinERA project demonstrates how this can work in practice: building a prototype One Systemworkflow with interoperable data and models for pollinator risk assessment; an approach that can be expanded to other environmental domains.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e168447

Authors: David Kinyonyi, Johnson Mwebaze

Abstract: This research focused on the development of a cost-effective IoT-enabled smart agriculture system meant to address the specific challenges that smallholder farmers are facing in Butaleja District (Uganda). The challenges included limited resources, dependence on traditional farming methods and vulnerability to climate change. The proposed system integrated low-cost IoT sensors to monitor critical environmental parameters such as soil moisture, temperature and weather conditions combined with cloud-based and offline edge analytics. It further provided real-time actionable insights to farmers via SMS (Short Message Service) and user-friendly platforms enabling improved irrigation management, optimized resource usage and enhanced crop productivity. Usability was prioritized through designing the system with the ability to operate in low-connectivity environments and ensuring ease of usage for farmers with minimal technical expertise. The system’s design and functionality were validated through the execution of multiple simulations proving its ability to accurately monitor environmental parameters, predict when irrigation is to happen using a machine learning model ensuring efficient irrigation management. The simulation also highlighted the effectiveness of integrating SMS notifications and real-time analytics, ensuring accessibility for farmers with minimal technological expertise. By addressing the unique needs of smallholder farmers, the study offers a scalable, sustainable and impactful solution for transforming agriculture in resource-constrained regions with potential applications beyond Uganda. Future work is intended to explore scaling the system to diverse agricultural contexts, assessing its socio-economic impacts and integrating renewable energy solutions to enhance sustainability.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167392

Authors: Anita Franco, Katie Smyth, Michael Elliott

Abstract: Marine biodiversity is adversely affected by many human activities and their pressures. As such, there is the need for a cause-consequence-response method to objectively address the risks associated with those adverse changes. Such a method is the ISO-accredited Bow-tie technique as an objective and structured approach giving the causes, preventative control measures, mitigation and compensation measures and consequences of changes to biodiversity. Here, the Bow-tie method underpinned by the cause-consequence-response DAPSI(W)R(M) framework was used and adapted to help managers map out risks to biodiversity requiring management of the human activities and their relevant pressures, in specific case study areas (termed Broad Belt Transects, BBTs). Instead of using restrictive proprietary software, a more-flexible template framework was developed in Microsoft PowerPoint to allow a broad user base. This employed standardised lists of elements (and further adapted during the application process) allowing the development of unique, but standardised and directly comparable Bow-ties for all BBTs. The methods of developing the template and standardised lists are described together with the techniques used to help quantify this usually qualitative approach. The successful application of the Bow-tie method in case studies from the European seas shows the adaptability of this approach in ways wider than the original policy-driven risk-assessment use. Although designed for European seas, the approach and standardised lists are sufficiently generic for adoption in wider areas worldwide.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e166451

Authors: Lorenzo Latini, Giorgio Massaro, Stefania Coppa, Jacopo Giampaoletti, Giuseppe de Lucia, Alessia Dinoi, Paolo Magni

Abstract: The Gulf of Oristano Area, located on the central-western coast of Sardinia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea), is a highly diverse and ecologically valuable region. This area features a mosaic of habitats, supports rich biodiversity, and sustains traditional fishing practices. It is also protected under various international and EU conservation frameworks. However, despite its ecological importance, the Gulf Area faces growing pressures from human activities such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat loss, and the introduction of non-native species. This study applies a bow-tie risk analysis framework to identify key drivers, pressures, and consequences associated with three central ecological events: species decline and loss, habitat change, and increased competition with non-native species. Stakeholder consultations and standardized classification systems inform the assessment, highlighting the interplay between legal fishing, tourism, aquaculture, pollution, and infrastructure development. The analysis identifies both prevention and mitigation measures, such as spatial planning, environmental monitoring, citizen science, and sustainable tourism and fisheries initiatives. While the environmental regulation of the Gulf of Oristano Area provides a basis for ecosystem protection, persistent challenges – such as enforcement, fragmented governance, and low stakeholder engagement – hinder effectiveness. To ensure ecological integrity and socio-economic resilience in the central-western Sardinian coast, this study underscores the need for strengthened integrated coastal zone management, alignment with EU strategies, and investment in adaptive and participatory conservation approaches.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e165146

Authors: Priscila Gil

Abstract: Latent viral infections, such as those caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), remain a major obstacle to achieving complete viral eradication. These pathogens establish dormancy within host cells, effectively evading immune detection and undermining standard antiviral therapies. This research proposal outlines a three-phase strategy that integrates nanotechnology and molecular biology to selectively reactivate latent viruses and eliminate them through targeted capture and neutralization mechanisms. By employing biomimetic nanostructures and phase-specific activation triggers, this approach seeks to minimize off-target effects and collateral damage, offering a controlled and replicable platform for treating chronic viral infections.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e164015

Authors: Michellie Hernandez

Abstract: Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd) adapts to its environment by adapting its phenotype or gene expression; selectively upregulating genes to produce more proteins that promotes Pd growth within that environment. Thus Pd's production of proteins varies depending on its surroundings or environment. This is done by detection of its environment, followed by a signaling pathway to selectively upregulate genes encoding proteins that promote Pd growth depending on the environment Pd is in. The author suggests that a potential target for therapeutics for white nose syndrome is the signaling pathway that Pd utilizes to initiate upregulation of these genes thus, if blocked, potentially becoming less virulent in bats.Among the proteins produced by Pd invading the bat skin are proteins that help evade the bat's immune response [Glucan endo-1, 3-β glucosidase (VC83_07327) and Mannan endo-1, 6-α mannosidase (VC83_07145)]. This mechanism may potentially avoid inflammation as a side effect in the design of therapeutics such as microneedle patches with attenuated medicinal fungi with microfluidics that allow the fungi metabolite to be dosed into the patient. The genes of these proteins along with the signaling pathway that upregulates its gene expression must be genetically engineered into attenuated medicinal fungi. The operating condition of the fungi within the patch will depend upon the particular medicinal fungi utilized. This innovation is an attempt to utilize the Pd's evolved adaptation to environmental conditions like the extracellular matrix in mammals.

HTML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e152096

Authors: Frank Twum Aboagye, Mawutor Kwame Ahiabu, Maame Ekua Acquah, Queenstar Quarshie, Naa Kumah, Hannah Akahoho, Nfayem Imoro, Abena Enninful, Bill Egyam, Yvonne Ashong

Abstract: The emergence of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, led to the widespread use of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (AgRDTs) due to their speed, affordability, and ease of use. However, the diagnostic sensitivity of AgRDTs has been inconsistent across emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, with some variants exhibiting reduced detection rates. Thus, AgRDTs have been unreliable in detecting the different variants of SARS-CoV-2. This study explores the molecular mechanisms responsible for this variability, focusing on structural changes in the viral spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins and how these changes affect antigen-antibody interactions. Using structural biology techniques such as X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, molecular virology approaches like whole genome sequencing, immunoassays including ELISA and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and computational modelling tools for molecular dynamics simulations, this research will uncover specific mutations that impact diagnostic sensitivity. The results of this study will inform the development of next-generation AgRDTs with enhanced sensitivity across diverse viral variants, thereby supporting global efforts in pandemic surveillance and control.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e148125

Authors: Serena Rasconi, Laura Garzoli, Ana Gavrilović

Abstract: Abstracts of talks presented at ParAqua Conference held in Dubrovnik (Croatia), 16-17 April 2024

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e146073

Authors: Max Korbmacher

Abstract: In the proposed project we expect to improve diagnosis and treatment for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases by establishing a new biomarker based on deep learning and big data outputs. We will use brain age, a neuroinaging-derived marker of brain health which has previously rarely been tested longitudinally, but not in neurodegenerative disorders. The analyses will help to assess treatment response as well as stratifying and sub-typing neurodegenerative disease based on brain structural characteristics in addition to multiple other markers of disease expression.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e144181

Authors: Manfred Asiedu, Gideon Twieku, Rhoda Lims

Abstract: We propose to explore an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to malaria control by employing fish as biological agents to reduce mosquito populations. Given the rising challenges of insecticide resistance and the environmental concerns associated with chemical interventions, this project investigates the effectiveness of fish species in consuming mosquito larvae, thereby lowering the prevalence of malaria vectors. Through a combination of laboratory experiments, ecological assessments, and community engagement in malaria-endemic regions, the project will identify optimal fish species for this purpose, assess their impact on local ecosystems, and gauge community perspectives on adopting fish-based malaria control methods. Key objectives include evaluating predation efficiency, determining ecological compatibility, quantifying the reduction in malaria transmission, and fostering local involvement to enhance sustainability. This innovative approach has the potential to provide a scalable, environmentally conscious solution for malaria management, contributing to global public health efforts and advancing sustainable disease control strategies.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e134026

Authors: Claudia Fornarini, Alessandra D'Alessio, Jeremy Dertien, Néstor Fernández, Francisco Moreira, Anandi Sarita Namasivayam, Louise O'Connor, Henrique Pereira, Peter Verburg, Carlo Rondinini

Abstract: A key goal of the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 is the design of a connected Trans European Nature Network (TEN-N), that helps to build a coherent and resilient network of protected areas across Europe. The TEN-N will need to consider and integrate societal perspectives on future biodiversity protection in Europe, accounting for multiple values and perspectives of nature. The NaturaConnect project, through a process of co-design with stakeholders, is developing narratives on future nature protection in Europe using the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). In this framework. three value perspectives of nature are presented at each corner of a triangle: Nature for Nature, Nature as Culture, and Nature for Society. By using this framework, NaturaConnect aligns with global efforts on scenario development auspicated by the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). This report outlines the development of scenario narratives for Europe of the NaturaConnect project. The development of the narratives considered the global and European policy context as a starting point, and included a stakeholder engagement process conducted to elicit stakeholders' preferences and visions in relation to future nature conservation and management in Europe. These narratives present contrasting perspectives and priorities for seven themes: Protected areas, Connectivity and Restoration, Forestry, Freshwater ecosystems, Urban system, Agriculture, Energy. These topics are key to building a more positive future for nature and people. Besides specificities for each narrative, we also identify commonalities across the three perspectives, including macroeconomic trend assumptions, biodiversity strategic goals of the European Union and shared solutions that are necessary to achieve any positive nature future.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e125515

Authors: Simon Rolph, Chris Andrews, Dylan Carbone, Julian Lopez Gordillo, Tomas Martinovic, Nick Oostervink, Dirk Pleiter, Kata Sara-aho, John Watkins, Christoph Wohner, Jan Dick

Abstract: Digital twin approaches have the potential to revolutionise usage, planning and management of cultural ecosystem services i.e. the non-material benefits people obtain from ecosystems, including recreation, tourism, intellectual development, spiritual enrichment, reflection, and aesthetic experiences. Here we outline our blueprint for a prototype digital twin (pDT) for cultural ecosystem services. The pDT consists of two modelling components; a recreation potential model to quantify the cultural ecosystem services of the physical landscape and species distribution models to quantify the biodiversity component. It is envisaged that the digital twin will be used primarily by two user types 1. those who wanted to enjoy the area and potentially contribute to citizen science programs and 2. people who want to inform or make evidence-based management decisions (land managers, policy makers, researchers).

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e120910

Authors: Maame Ekua Acquah, Frank Aboagye, Yvonne Ashong, Lydia Mosi

Abstract: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 200 million people and 45% of infections have been shown to occur in school-aged children. A large percentage of the disease burden lies in Africa. In 2012, the WHO outlined a roadmap for the elimination of schistosomiasis by 2020; however, this was not achieved. Treatment for schistosomiasis is by the use of Praziquantel, a drug in use for over 30 years and there is a concern for emerging drug resistance. There are several species of the genus Schistosoma causing infection in humans. For this study, Schistosoma mansoni which causes intestinal schistosomiasis will be investigated. There are reports of lowering cure rates and suboptimal response to praziquantel following several cycles of mass drug administration (MDA). Praziquantel resistance has also been reported in some countries and laboratory-bred schistosome experiments. To address the concerns of resistance, this study aims to employ a two-part approach to assess the prevalence of S. mansoni. praziquantel resistance among school-aged children in schistosomiasis endemic communities in Ghana and develop a diagnostic tool to aid in field assessment of infections. To achieve this, the study will attempt to answer the following research questions: 1. Is there developing S. mansoni praziquantel resistance in communities that have undergone several mass drug administrations? 2. Is there an interplay between intermediate host exposure to praziquantel and the development of praziquantel drug resistance in the definitive host?

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e116671

Authors: Miguel Angel Gonzalez, Rudolf Dimper, Patrick Fuhrmann, Gianluca Santoni, Jordi Bodera, Jayesh Wagh, Irina Safiulina, Arianna D'Angelo, Paolo Mutti, Paul Millar, Krisztian Pozsa, Leonardo Sala, Alun Ashton, Giuseppe La Rocca

Abstract: Serial (femtosecond) X-ray-Crystallography (SFX) is a special variant of macromolecular X-ray crystallography aiming at rapid structural studies at room temperature. This highly innovative technology permits investigation of bio-structures not tractable with conventional X-ray crystallography, and is capable of studying fast in-situ biochemical processes. The method is still relatively new, but it is already one of the most prominent applications of free-electron lasers (FELs), and increasingly also of very brilliant synchrotron radiation sources. One of the unique characteristics of this type of experiments is the extremely high repetition rate combined with a quite moderate success rate. A crucial task in the rather complex data processing pipeline is the rapid and accurate classification of images: typically, only a few percent of the images contain a diffraction pattern suitable for subsequent integration and structure refinement. AI-supported image classification is hence particularly suited for drastic data reduction, saving precious storage space, compute cycles and processing time. The experimental techniques and methodologies are rapidly evolving, and the integration of emerging tools into the processing pipeline is an essential task. SFX data sets are big, require substantial storage, and computational power. The main goal of this SP is to establish and develop a data processing platform, which integrates services and developments from PaNOSC/ExPaNDS. The platform should provide integrated processing pipelines for well-established and cutting-edge applications, so that cross-disciplinary users with modest expertise gain rapid and convenient access to tools and documentation of newest developments. On the other hand, it should also provide convenient access to FAIR SFX-data, to foster developments and strengthen collaboration between experimentalists and developers of new algorithms and software implementations. This approach is of very high relevance for all PaN synchrotron and FEL facilities and their users.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e116670

Authors: Miguel Angel Gonzalez, Irina Safiulina, Arianna D'Angelo, Paolo Mutti, Jordi Bodera, Gianluca Santoni, Rudolf Dimper, Jayesh Wagh, Patrick Fuhrmann, Paul Millar, Krisztian Pozsa, Leonardo Sala, Alun Ashton, Giuseppe La Rocca

Abstract: Small-angle scattering techniques are widely used in scientific communities to determine the shape, distribution, and uniformity of particles in solution. New developments and faster acquisition will also allow for tracking the dynamics of the particles themselves. Small-Angle X-ray or Neutron Scattering (SAXS or SANS, respectively) can be very effective tools for studying, for example, the time dependence of genome release from phages, investigating entire viral life cycles, or the assembly of macromolecular complexes, providing deep insights into infection pathways. Neutrons and X-rays can be applied in a complementary mode, as is the case for the joint SANS-SAXS proposal between the ESRF and the ILL.This strategic plan aims to advance the field by providing an EOSC-based platform, enabling FAIR data and software, unified data processing pipelines featuring robust scaling algorithms for the two different sources, supporting reproducibility and automated validation, and integrating with other relevant structural databases (e.g., electron microscopy/tomography or protein structural and ligand databases).

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e116230

Authors: Marco Visani

Abstract: This study is centered on Natural Products (NPs) - specific chemicals synthesized by living organisms. These NPs hold significant importance in various domains, notably medicine, agriculture, and ecology. A primary resource for our research is the LOTUS database, which catalogues a vast array of NPs and their occurrence. Yet, a gap exists: there are no existing model to predict the occurrence of these NPs across different species.In our initial strategy, the occurrence of natural products was viewed as a collection of observations and their associated variables. Although simple, this strategy immediately showed its limits when dealing with the complex nature of NPs. We switched to an advanced graph-based method after seeing the necessity for a more thorough strategy to accurately represent the intricate interactions governing NPs expression. When considering species in a phylogeny or molecular pathways, the graph-based method perceives data as a network of connected entities, offering a far more logical and natural way of thinking. By employing this better methodology, we have developed a more effective approach for investigating the intricate world of Natural Products. We hope that this strategy will open up new research directions and possibly result in ground-breaking NP-related findings.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e113306

Authors: Karel Torres-Lozano, Milagros Cabrera-Soregui, Enrique Garcia-Candela, Victor Puicon-Niño de Guzman, Fernando Mesias-Valle

Abstract: Piaractus brachypomus is the most produced Amazonian fish in Peru; however, little is known about histological lesions that monogeneans produce in their gills. When examining 40 juveniles of P. brachypomus from two comercial fish farms, presence of Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum were found, with a total monogenean prevalence of 100%, with a mean intensity and mean abundance of 225.5 parasites/fish for both indices. At the level of the gill tissue, lesions identified were dilation and congestion of the central vein and hyperplasia of the secondary lamella with eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration. This is the first report of histopathological alterations caused by the infection of Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum in cultured groups of P. brachypomus in the Peruvian Amazon, and indicates the need to improve good practices and biosafety in the production of this fish to prevent or control the impact of these monogeneans.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e110523

Authors: María Eugenia Vega Cendejas, Mirella Hernandez de Santillana, Sonia Palacios-Sánchez

Abstract: Length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated for 44 fish species collected from the unprotected Yucatan coastal Corridor. The sample was composed of species represented by 23 families: Urotrygonidae [Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816)], Albulidae [Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Elopidae [Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766], Engraulidae [Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758), Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943, Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900), Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)]; Dorosomatidae [Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)]; Ariidae [Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766), Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)]; Synodontidae [Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Batrachoididae [Opsanus beta (Goode & Bean, 1880)]; Mugilidae [Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836, Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875]; Belonidae [Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860), Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792)]; Hemiramphidae [Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean, 1882, Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani, 1841)]; Carangidae [Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758), Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766), Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896]; Cynoglossidae [Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Gerreidae [Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard, 1855, Eucinostomus gula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), Eucinostomus harengulus Goode & Bean, 1879]; Grammistidae [Rypticus maculatus Holbrook 1855]; Haemulidae [Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Lutjanidae [Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Triglidae [Prionotus tribulus Cuvier, 1829]; Ephippidae [Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782)]; Sciaenidae [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède, 1802), Cynoscion arenarius, Ginsburg, 1930; Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847), Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)], Sparidae [Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Ostraciidae [Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Tetraodontidae [Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785), Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758)]. A new maximum standard length (SL) was recorded for Anchoa lamprotaenia. A positive allometric growth was reported in fourteen species, negative allometric growth in 26 species, and isometric growth in four species.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e108755

Authors: Hangxing Jia

Abstract: Obesity has been a global health problem since the 1980s. Despite the intensive research, there is no scientific consensus on the onset of obesity. The energy balance model (EBM) and the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) are two competing obesity theories, each with supporting and conflicting evidence. In this essay, I propose a new model, the energy-rush and insulin model (ERIM) which integrates not only the energy intake and expenditure but also the food composition and digestibility, to explain how the high energy-rush and insulin secretion contribute to the development of obesity. The ERIM offers a novel framework to explain how obesity occurs and proposes new recommendations for obesity management which may reverse the obesity epidemic In the future.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e107873

Authors: Christian Ohmann, Steve Canham, Kurt Majcen, Petr Holub, Gary Saunders, Jing Tang, Tanushree Tunstall, Philip Gribbon, Reagon Karki, Mari Kleemola, Katja Moilanen, Walter Daelemans, Pieter Fivez, Daan Broeder, Franciska de Jong, Maria Panagiotopoulou

Abstract: This publication details the workplan of the Science Project (SP) “COVID-19 metadata findability and interoperability in EOSC” (short: META-COVID) that is part of the Horizon Europe funded project EOSC Future. The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a huge variety of research activities, studies, and policies across both the life sciences (LS) and the social sciences and humanities (SSH). Useful insights from combining the data and conclusions from these different forms of research are, however, hampered by the lack of a common metadata framework with which to describe them. This is because different scientific disciplines have different ways of organising research activities. For example, the type of the research (e.g., hypothesis testing versus hypothesis generating) and the methodology chosen (e.g., experimental, survey, cohort, case study) are key elements in understanding the data generated and in supporting its secondary use. Another issue to be tackled is the integration of various sources of metadata related to parliamentary and social media metadata. In META-COVID, scientists from the LS and SSH domains gathered to discuss ways in which metadata could go beyond the description of the data itself to include the basic elements of the research process (“contextual metadata”) within the frame of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC). The main outcomes of the SP will be: i) An inventory of metadata schemas applied across infrastructures and domains; ii) The development of a framework for a metadata model characterising the research approach and workflow across research infrastructures; iii) The application of the framework to selected COVID-19 use cases; iv) The development of an ontology of COVID-19 related topics from parliamentary data and social media.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e97856

Authors: Kenneth Alibek, Luiza Niyazmetova, Sean Farmer, Terence Isakov

Abstract: The most recent studies and publications demonstrate the enormous role of infectious agents and chronic inflammation not only in various comorbid conditions in autistic patients but also in the dysregulation of the immune system, which in turn leads to the accumulation of immunodeficiency states and to a worsening of the autistic phenotype. Therefore, the focus of this article is on how congenital and early postnatal infections found in children with autism spectrum disorders may trigger the chain of pathological events found in autism. We discuss how some infectious agents such as Toxoplasma gondii, measles, rubella, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes-simplex virus-1 and 2 are involved in the dysregulation of immunity and nervous system abnormalities. Furthermore, we want to provide recommendations for potential combined treatment methods for patients with autism with concomitant immune dysfunction.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e95037

Authors: Michellie Hernandez, Deb Bose

Abstract: This is a research proposal that describes a method that attempts to use computational models to reverse engineer antibodies of recovered patients without the use of its genes found in effector B cells or the use of memory B cells samples of recovered patients. Most effector B cells are found in bone marrow and not in the serum, thus making it difficult to sample effector B cells from donors. If we concentrate on COVID19 treatments, even though current development of monoclonal antibodies specific for SARSCOV2 has been fortunate to find effector B cells and memory B cells specific for SARSCOV2 in the serum, there is a possibility that potent antibodies found in serum whose effector B cells or memory B cells specific for SARSCOV2 are not detected in samples of COVID19 survivors for the development of COVID19 monoclonal antibodies specific against SARSCOV2. Thus potentially missing an opportunity for the development of potent monoclonal antibodies specific for SARSCOV2.The following is a method, the authors have named the HOPE method, for the development of genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies by studying the neutralizing antibodies (NAb) or broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAb) of recovered patients of any viral infectious disease. "HOPE" is not an acronym, but named "HOPE" as a symbol of hope specifically for immunocompromised patients that may find more benefit from this proposed treatment. The HOPE method develops genetically engineered monoclonal antibodies that is most specific or most tightly bind to its epitopes of antigens of non-viral pathogens from serum samples of recovered patients of non-viral infectious diseases to be evaluated further to determine its efficacy. The HOPE method can also be applied to antibodies of oncology patients specific against tumor neoantigens for the development of personalized precision medicine and diagnostic tests. If we venture out further, certain steps of the HOPE method may also potentially be used in material science for mass production of bioproteins whose genes are unknown.Given the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies specific against SARSCOV2 during the pandemic, one can hypothesize that neutralizing antibodies and broadly neutralizing antibodies of recovered COVID19 patients vary in potency and efficacy based on the antibodies ability to most tightly bind their FAB component to their corresponding epitopes as well as its ability of having an efficient FC region. Thus selecting the neutralizing antibody or broadly neutralizing antibody with these criteria can be used as good guides to try to reverse engineer for the development of potent monoclonal antibodies specific against SARSCOV2. One can hypothesis as well that such method in monoclonal antibody production can also be applied in various diseases that produce an adaptive immune response whose antibodies can be used as guides for monoclonal antibody production. We can also hypothesize that analyzing the epitopes that bind to selected neutralizing antibodies and broadly neutralizing antibodies of recovered patients can assist in identifying potential targets, which vaccine development can be directed to, that is by analyzing the epitope's mRNA sequence that can be added to mRNA vaccine development.The authors would like to keep HOPE Monoclonal Antibodies (HOPE-mAb) as the nomenclature of the genetically engineered recombinant monoclonal antibodies produced via the HOPE method. Although, subsequent steps around the development of HOPE-mAb may appear specific to COVID19, the overall methodology can be broadly applied for other diseases or tumors that produce antibodies in recovered patients. HOPE mAbs specific against SARSCOV2 can be commercialized more rapidly for in vitro rapid diagnostic COVID19 tests and for laboratory research use in COVID19 studies. Rapid tests development and laboratory research use of HOPE mAbs for other diseases may also be possible with HOPE method upon showing its efficacy in binding to their intended epitopes. In viral infectious diseases, the neutralizing antibodies are an important part of the HOPE method by selecting the best neutralizing antibody within a population of recovered patients, whose FAB component are the most specific to the epitope of the antigen in other words the neutralizing antibodies that binds most compactly to its epitope. Detailing the HOPE method of reverse engineering an antibody of a recovered patient of viral infections even further in particular, the HOPE method is performed with the help of mass spectrometer and cryogenic electron microscope (cryo-EM) to obtain 3D protein models of the neutralizing antibodies (NAb) and run de novo peptide sequencing. Mass spectrometry and computational models are used to decode the linear amino acid sequence. The 3D protein models obtained with cryo-EM may help perfect these computational models with image datasets identifying the amino acids within the protein folded structure and its comparison with the analysis of the mass spectrometer. Computational models can be used to reverse the central dogma by predicting the codon sequence from the amino acid sequence and subsequently, the codon is decoded by another computational model or machine learning algorithm to help predict the mRNA sequence. Computational models to decode the RNA codon from the amino acid sequence can be trained with codon chart analysis. These steps would be done for both the FAB component of an effective antibody against a neoantigen of a tumor or epitope of a pathogen (like SARS-COV2 for example, from recovered COVID19 patients) and the constant region of a fully human monoclonal antibody that has proven to be effective in prior studies. This is followed by uniting the two mRNA sequences to form the mRNA of a full monoclonal antibody specific to the pathogen, like SARS-COV2. The predicted mRNA sequence of the full monoclonal antibody can be genetically engineered into plasmids and reproduced in yeast cultures with recombinant DNA technology or other cost effective methods for mass production, as detailed in this paper.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e94590

Authors: Serena Rasconi, Hans-Peter Grossart, Alena Gsell, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Dedmer van de Waal, Ramsy Agha, Ariola Bacu, Maija Balode, Meryem Beklioğlu, Maja Berden Zrimec, Florina Botez, Tom Butler, Slawomir Cerbin, Angela Cortina, Michael Cunliffe, Thijs Frenken, Esther Garcés, Laura Gjyli, Yonatan Golan, Tiago Guerra, Ayis Iacovides, Antonio Idà, Maiko Kagami, Veljo Kisand, Jovica Leshoski, Pini Marco, Natasa Mazalica, Takeshi Miki, Maria Iasmina Moza, Sigrid Neuhauser, Deniz Özkundakci, Kristel Panksep, Suzana Patcheva, Branka Pestoric, Maya Petrova Stoyneva, Diogo Pinto, Juergen Polle, Carmen Postolache, Joaquín Pozo Dengra, Albert Reñé, Pavel Rychtecky, Dirk S. Schmeller, Bettina Scholz, Géza Selmeczy, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Kálmán Tapolczai, Orhideja Tasevska, Ivana Trbojevic, Blagoy Uzunov, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Ellen van Donk, Marieke Vanthoor, Elizabeta Veljanoska Sarafiloska, Susie Wood, Petr Znachor

Abstract: Zoosporic parasites (i.e. fungi and fungi-like aquatic microorganisms) constitute important drivers of natural populations, causing severe host mortality. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases are notable in the microalgae biotech industry, affecting production of food ingredients, biofuels, pharma- and nutraceuticals.While scientific research on this topic is gaining traction by increasing studies elucidating the functional role of zoosporic parasites in natural ecosystems, we are currently lacking integrated and interdisciplinary efforts for effectively detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae industry. To fill this gap we propose to establish an innovative, dynamic European network connecting scientists, industries and stakeholders to optimize information exchange, equalize access to resources and to develop a joint research agenda. ParAqua aims at compiling and making available all information on the occurrence of zoosporic parasites and their relationship with hosts, elucidate drivers and evaluate impacts of parasitism in natural and man-made aquatic environments. We aim to implement new tools for monitoring and prevention of infections, and to create protocols and a Decision Support Tool for detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae biotech production. Applied knowledge on zoosporic parasites can feed back from industry to ecology, and we therefore will explore whether the developed tools can be applied for monitoring lakes and reservoirs. Short-Term Scientific Missions and Training Schools will be organised specifically for early stage scientists and managers – with a specific focus on ITC – with the aim to share and integrate both scientific and applied expertise and increase exchange between basic and applied researchers and stakeholders.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e91188

Authors: Kenneth Alibek, Luiza Niyazmetova, Sean Farmer, Terence Isakov

Abstract: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a range of neurodevelopmental conditions that are clinically present early in childhood with the symptoms of social withdrawal and repetitive behavior. Despite an extensive research on ASD, no commonly accepted theory on the disease etiology exists. Hence, we reviewed several scientific publications, including reviews, preclinical and clinical investigations, and published hypotheses to analyze various opinions on the nature and cause of the disorder. Many studies suggest that infections and inflammation during pregnancy play a significant role in genetic and epigenetic changes in the developing fetus, resulting in an autistic phenotype in a child. Still, there is a lack of comprehensive literature about the multitude of autism inducing factors. Therefore, this article reviews and discusses available scientific evidence on the roles of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections, overactivation of the immune system, and intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of ASD. The overview of the scientific publications, including our own studies, suggests that TORCH infections, imbalanced microbiome, and persistent inflammation are significantly associated with the disruption of the social domain in ASD children. The ASD-related changes begin prenatally as maternal-to-fetal immune activation triggered by infection. It results in continuous low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress in a fetus, causing germline and somatic genetic changes in the developing brain and the establishment of the dysregulated immune system. These changes and dysregulations result in central  and peripheral nervous systems dysfunctions as well as other comorbid conditions found in autistic children.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e89458

Authors: Ritesh Bhirud

Abstract: Oral cancer is a cancerous growth in the oral cavity. More than 90% of all oral cancers are squamous cell carcinoma. Oral squamous cell carcinoma has the highest mortality ratio compared to other carcinomas. The high mortality rate is mainly due to detection of the cancer in an advanced stage on account of its initial asymptomatic nature. In addition, the methods currently in place for oral cancer detection involve expensive complex laboratory procedures and usually longer wait times for patients leading to late diagnosis. Further, the treatments for advanced staged cancers are costly and less effective in terms of the post-treatment survival rates. Thus, society needs an easy-to-use tool for assessing oral cancers at an early stage. The aim of the project is to develop an easily accessible point-of-care kit which will assist in early detection of oral cancer at a low cost. The kit will consist of a complete home-based test which could be easily operated by vulnerable individuals. The test will be based on the patient’s salivary sample and to obtain an oral cancer risk-analysis with detailed statistics on an app. Furthermore, the app will also feature a digital pathology test for an analysis of potential malignancies based on image(s) of the oral cavity. The chemical aspect of the tool will be based on a thermal reaction of formulated Thiobarbituric Acid reagent along with a spectroscopy sensor. The app will be connected to the sensor via Bluetooth and the image screening will be based on deep learning using deep convolutional neural network. 

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e78186

Authors: Khaled Elsadani

Abstract: This proposal tries to drive attention to the observation that pH variation plays a fundamental role in the functional mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 virus proteases. Depending on this role, testing the effect of alkalization therapy on the SARS-CoV-2 patients could be reasonable.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e71603

Authors: Victor Padilla-Sanchez

Abstract: COVID19 pandemic has disrupted our lives since December 2019 causing millions of infections and deaths worldwide. After more than a year we have vaccines that are effective in preventing the disease even though we are far from finished to vaccinate most of the population. Certain countries are doing better vaccinating people while others are far behind and if that is not enough new variants have appeared that put at risk our progress on defeating COVID19. The virus SARS-CoV-2 is mutating and many mutations change the spike glycoprotein which binds to the human receptor ACE2 sometimes making the virus more infectious and able to evade immunity. One virus variant of concern (VoC) is the one called delta which is becoming prevalent very quickly among new infections. The delta variant is a real threat for many people that are not vaccinated. Here I present molecular dynamics of the receptor binding domain in complex with its receptor ACE2 to shed light on the structural interactions that make this variant more dangerous.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e70280

Authors: Lane Rasberry, Daniel Mietchen

Abstract: We present the design of a project to develop Wikipedia content on general vaccine safety and the COVID-19 vaccines, specifically. This proposal describes what a team would need to distribute public health information in Wikipedia in multiple languages in response to a disaster or crisis, and to measure and report the communication impact of the same. Researchers at the School of Data Science at the University of Virginia made this proposal in response to a February 2021 call from a sponsor which was seeking to share public health information to respond globally to vaccine hesitancy related to the COVID-19 vaccines. This proposal was not selected for funding, and now the research team is sharing the proposal here with an open copyright license for anyone to reuse and remix. Most of the text here is from the original proposal, but there are modifications to remove the names of the funder, named partners, and for other details to make this text more reusable. The budget in this proposal has been converted from a dollar amount to equivalent descriptions in terms of labor hours, and the timeline was adapted from absolute to relative months.

HTML

XML

PDF

DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e68129

Authors: Daniel Mietchen, Lane Rasberry, Thais Morata, John Sadowski, Jeanette Novakovich, James Heilman

Abstract: In this era of information overload and misinformation, it is a challenge to rapidly translate evidence-based health information to the public. Viewership data following the Ebola crisis and during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals that a significant number of readers located health guidance through Wikipedia and related projects, including its media repository Wikimedia Commons and structured data complement, Wikidata. In 2013, Wikipedia’s medical content consisted of more than 155,000 articles and 1 billion bytes of text in over 255 languages, and the number of views during that year surpassed 4 billion, making it the most viewed medical resource worldwide.The research idea discussed in this paper aims to increase and expedite health institutions' global reach to the general public, by developing a specific strategy to maximize the availability of focused content into Wikimedia’s public digital knowledge archives.  It was conceptualized from the experiences of leading health organizations such as Cochrane, the World Health Organization (WHO), Cancer Research UK, National Network of Libraries of Medicine, and CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Each has customized strategies to integrate content in Wikipedia and evaluate responses. The research idea is to develop an interactive guide on the Wikipedia and Wikidata platforms to support health agencies, health professionals and communicators in quickly distributing key messages during crisis situations. The guide aims to cover basic features of Wikipedia, including translation into multiple languages; automated metrics reporting; sharing non-text media; anticipating offline reuse of Wikipedia content in apps or virtual assistants such as Apple's Siri or Google Assistant; using Wikidata to collect, curate, and share data; and a discussion of other flagship projects from major health organizations. In the first phase, we propose the development of a curriculum for the guide using information from prior case studies. In the second phase, the guide would be tested on select health-related topics as new case studies. In its third phase, the guide would be finalized and disseminated.

HTML

XML

PDF