DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e203339

Authors: Anita Franco, Katie Smyth, Michael Elliott

Abstract: Marine biodiversity is adversely affected by many human activities and their pressures. As such, there is the need for a cause-consequence-response method to objectively address the risks associated with those adverse changes. Such a method is the ISO-accredited Bow-tie technique as an objective and structured approach giving the causes, preventative control measures, mitigation and compensation measures and consequences of changes to biodiversity. Here, the Bow-tie method underpinned by the cause-consequence-response DAPSI(W)R(M) framework was used and adapted to help managers map out risks to biodiversity requiring management of the human activities and their relevant pressures, in specific case study areas (termed Broad Belt Transects, BBTs). Instead of using restrictive proprietary software, a more-flexible template framework was developed in Microsoft PowerPoint to allow a broad user base. This employed standardised lists of elements (and further adapted during the application process) allowing the development of unique, but standardised and directly comparable Bow-ties for all BBTs. The methods of developing the template and standardised lists are described together with the techniques used to help quantify this usually qualitative approach. The successful application of the Bow-tie method in case studies from the European seas shows the adaptability of this approach in ways wider than the original policy-driven risk-assessment use. Although designed for European seas, the approach and standardised lists are sufficiently generic for adoption in wider areas worldwide.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e201983

Authors: Shahd Al Wahaibi, Al-Thuraiya Al Shidhani, Gilha Yoon

Abstract: Killifish inhabit shallow freshwaters where they tolerate varied salinity regimes, resist low oxygen, and are known for their ability to control mosquito larvae populations. Environmental conditions strongly influence parasite transmission. There is a lack of studies on pathogenic killifish infections in Oman, despite their consumption by local populations. This study highlights the significance of understanding parasitic infections in killifish due to their potential impact on ecosystem health, water quality, and risks to other organisms and human health. The aim of this research is to investigate the infection prevalence of metacercariae Clinostomum in Omani killifish, Aphaniops stoliczkanus and A. kruppi, along salinity gradients and other water parameters. Furthermore, the infection intensity and incidence in relation to fish size, gender, and fish organs will be studied. Five sites were sampled using trap nets from the Al Amerat region to the mangrove area in Al Qurum. Infection prevalence decreased progressively toward the sea: 75%, 56%, 10%, 0%, and 0% at sites A through E, respectively. Water analysis revealed higher total dissolved solids and turbidity at sites A, B, C, and D. Larger killifish and females showed greater susceptibility to Clinostomum spp. infection, with the trunk region being the most commonly infected body part (36% of parasites). These findings contribute valuable baseline data for future monitoring efforts in Omani freshwater ecosystems and underscore the importance of considering environmental parameters in fish health assessments and potential biological control applications. Further research incorporating seasonal variation, intermediate host distribution, and molecular characterization of parasites would strengthen our understanding of this ecologically important host-parasite system.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e182018

Authors: Manuel Espino, Luis Garrote, David Santillan, Xavier Sánchez-Artús, Vicente Gracia, Maria Liste, Marc Mestres, Manel Grifoll, Marta Balsells, Joanna Staneva, Benjamin Jacob, Wei Chen, Luciana Villa, Pushpa Dissanayake, Mindert de Vries, Ivan Federico, Causio Salvatore, Olivier Boutron, Christophe Briere, Rémi Caillibotte, Agustín Sánchez-Arcilla

Abstract: The REST-COAST project (Large-scale RESToration of COASTal ecosystems through rivers to sea connectivity) is a Horizon 2020 research initiative funded by the European Commission under Grant Agreement No. 101037097. Its overarching aim is to restore coastal ecosystems across Europe by advancing science-based approaches to hazard mitigation and resilience, with a strong emphasis on nature-based solutions (NbS) and the sustainable delivery of ecosystem services (ESS). To meet this objective, the project adopts a multidisciplinary approach that combines modelling, monitoring, restoration, governance, and finance. Scientific development is tightly linked to practical implementation through a network of pilot sites representing diverse coastal typologies and pressures. These sites serve as laboratories for testing and validating coupled hydro-morpho-eco models capable of simulating the role of natural ecosystems in reducing risks such as coastal flooding, erosion, and saline intrusion. This deliverable, D2.1, documents the modelling work conducted under Task 2.1, focusing on present-day storm conditions. It presents the model configurations, validation procedures, and simulation outcomes used to evaluate the risk reduction potential of NbS across seven pilot sites. The work includes detailed analysis of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes, sediment transport, and vegetation interactions, as well as the derivation of site-specific ESS indicators. The models are tailored to local physical settings and restoration goals, and have been validated against real storm events using field and remote sensing data. D2.1 provides a robust technical foundation for assessing the effectiveness and operational relevance of ecosystem-based approaches to coastal risk management. The methods and results presented here contribute to the broader REST-COAST objective of supporting adaptive, transferable, and evidence-based coastal restoration strategies throughout Europe.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e175173

Authors: Cristina Galván Arbeiza, Elvira Ramos, Araceli Puente

Abstract: Coastal zones are complex socio-ecological systems that present significant challenges for sustainable management. In this study, a bow-tie approach was applied to the coast of Cantabria to analyse the connections between drivers of change, biodiversity loss, and socio-economic consequences. The two most prominent drivers identified by stakeholders were large-scale tourism and harbour infrastructure development. These were associated with biodiversity impacts, including species and habitat loss, and the spread of non-native invasive species facilitated by human activities. Stakeholders and scientists identified multiple consequences of biodiversity change across ecological, social, economic, and governance dimensions. Based on the bow-tie analysis, a set of prevention and mitigation measures was proposed to enhance governance responses and reduce biodiversity-related damage in the study area.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e173903

Authors: Cristina Galván Arbeiza, Elvira Ramos, Araceli Puente

Abstract: This preprint has been retracted, due to duplication. Please refer to: https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e175173 for its content.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e173693

Authors: Tom Breeze, W. Daniel Kissling, Maria Lumbierres, Joana Santana, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Roy Van Grunsven, Tim Hirsch, Tree Robionson, Simon Potts, Ian McCallum, Ute Jandt, Cesar Capinha, Andres Marmol-Guijarro, Jessica Junker, Pavel Stoev, Camino Liquete, Henrique M. Pereira

Abstract: Although biodiversity monitoring costs are widely cited as a constraint, there have been very few assessments of these costs and even fewer studies have assessed the potential benefits of this monitoring. Here, we synthesise available evidence, alongside a comprehensive assessment of the costs of proposed biodiversity monitoring to explore the relative costs, benefits risks and opportunities in biodiversity monitoring. We find that the costs of biodiversity monitoring, €0.5bn-€3.6bn/year, are greatly outweighed by the combined economic benefits and opportunities arising from the availability of co-ordinated, high-quality data, which are estimated to be >€25.2bn/year.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e171667

Authors: Iro Anastasopoulou, Konstantinos Kavakakis, Vasiliki Asimogiorgou, Foteini Iatrou, Dimitra Petza, Pierluigi Carbonara, George Tserpes, Francisco Alemany, Stefanos Kalogirou

Abstract: Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map and synthesize evidence on mitigation measures, fishing practices, and technologies to reduce endangered, threatened, and protected (ETP) species bycatch in drifting longline fisheries targeting large pelagics, summarize key concepts and findings across disciplines, and identify knowledge gaps to inform policy and research at a global scale.Introduction: Drifting longline fisheries targeting large pelagic species continue to pose a significant conservation and management challenge for ETP species. Although various types of mitigation measures, fishing practices, and technologies have been developed and utilized globally to reduce ETP bycatch, the scope and nature of field-tested evidence remain diverse and scattered.Inclusion criteria: Studies about regional measures adopted, and fishing practices and technologies tested in the field aimed at reducing ETP species in drifting longlines (LLD) for large pelagics. Both peer-reviewed and grey literature will be included. Studies published in English, Swedish, Norwegian, Greek, Spanish and Italian language and between the years 1990 and 2024 will be included. Studies related to other types of fishing gear, those that do not mention ETP species, or any type of evidence synthesis will be excluded.Methods: This scoping review will be guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. Scopus and Web of Science databases will be used and complemented with grey literature sources, i.e. organisational websites and a web-based search engine. A team of four reviewers will conduct the screening and the data extraction processes. EndNote software, Covidence software, Microsoft Excel and Flourish platform will be used for data management, screening, extraction and presentation of the outputs. The results will be presented both graphically and in tabular form.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167290

Authors: Jurate Lesutiene, Andrius Šiaulys, Arturas Razinkovas-Baziukas

Abstract: This study employs a bow-tie risk analysis framework to examine four critical biodiversity loss processes in Lithuanian coastal waters: blue mussel decline, commercial fishery stock reduction, dune habitat loss, and eutrophication. The framework identifies human activities, resulting pressures, preventive controls, mitigation measures, and consequences across ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The analysis reveals distinct temporal patterns of risk occurrence. The invasive round goby caused rapid blue mussel eradication, with ineffective monitoring and preventive controls leading to habitat degradation and ecosystem service losses. Commercial fishery stocks, particularly cod and pikeperch, have experienced long-term decline due to overfishing combined with climate change impacts, resulting in economic losses and trophic cascade effects. Coastal dune habitats require continuous management to maintain their UNESCO cultural landscape status, with climate change and tourism presenting significant pressures. Finally, eutrophication remains a persistent challenge, with Lithuania still needing substantial nutrient reduction to meet Baltic Sea Action Plan targets. Climate change further complicates management efforts across all four areas. The study highlights the effectiveness of the bow-tie approach in integrating diverse stakeholder perspectives and identifying critical control points for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management in coastal environments.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167392

Authors: Anita Franco, Katie Smyth, Michael Elliott

Abstract: Marine biodiversity is adversely affected by many human activities and their pressures. As such, there is the need for a cause-consequence-response method to objectively address the risks associated with those adverse changes. Such a method is the ISO-accredited Bow-tie technique as an objective and structured approach giving the causes, preventative control measures, mitigation and compensation measures and consequences of changes to biodiversity. Here, the Bow-tie method underpinned by the cause-consequence-response DAPSI(W)R(M) framework was used and adapted to help managers map out risks to biodiversity requiring management of the human activities and their relevant pressures, in specific case study areas (termed Broad Belt Transects, BBTs). Instead of using restrictive proprietary software, a more-flexible template framework was developed in Microsoft PowerPoint to allow a broad user base. This employed standardised lists of elements (and further adapted during the application process) allowing the development of unique, but standardised and directly comparable Bow-ties for all BBTs. The methods of developing the template and standardised lists are described together with the techniques used to help quantify this usually qualitative approach. The successful application of the Bow-tie method in case studies from the European seas shows the adaptability of this approach in ways wider than the original policy-driven risk-assessment use. Although designed for European seas, the approach and standardised lists are sufficiently generic for adoption in wider areas worldwide.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e167014

Authors: Dorota Kołbuk, Julie Bremner, Ashley Cahillane, Valentina Di Gennaro, Tasman Crowe

Abstract: In this study we apply the bow-tie risk analysis framework to map the causes and consequences of decline or loss of five key Irish Sea ecosystem components: intertidal sandflats and mudflats, burrowing fauna including Dublin Bay prawn Nephrops norvegicus, blue mussel Mytilus edulis, commercially harvested fish, and wintering waterbirds. Main activities exerting multiple pressures on the Irish Sea ecosystem include energy production from offshore wind farms, tourism and leisure, fishing, transport, agriculture, urban and industrial uses, and waste treatment and disposal. All of them can contribute to decline in condition or loss of critical habitats and biota, leading to significant ecological, economic and sociocultural consequences. Understanding these consequences is essential for designing appropriate management responses. The bow-tie approach allows to identify management risks and highlights the most impactful control points for intervention to prevent or mitigate adverse biodiversity events.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e166451

Authors: Lorenzo Latini, Giorgio Massaro, Stefania Coppa, Jacopo Giampaoletti, Giuseppe de Lucia, Alessia Dinoi, Paolo Magni

Abstract: The Gulf of Oristano Area, located on the central-western coast of Sardinia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea), is a highly diverse and ecologically valuable region. This area features a mosaic of habitats, supports rich biodiversity, and sustains traditional fishing practices. It is also protected under various international and EU conservation frameworks. However, despite its ecological importance, the Gulf Area faces growing pressures from human activities such as overfishing, eutrophication, habitat loss, and the introduction of non-native species. This study applies a bow-tie risk analysis framework to identify key drivers, pressures, and consequences associated with three central ecological events: species decline and loss, habitat change, and increased competition with non-native species. Stakeholder consultations and standardized classification systems inform the assessment, highlighting the interplay between legal fishing, tourism, aquaculture, pollution, and infrastructure development. The analysis identifies both prevention and mitigation measures, such as spatial planning, environmental monitoring, citizen science, and sustainable tourism and fisheries initiatives. While the environmental regulation of the Gulf of Oristano Area provides a basis for ecosystem protection, persistent challenges – such as enforcement, fragmented governance, and low stakeholder engagement – hinder effectiveness. To ensure ecological integrity and socio-economic resilience in the central-western Sardinian coast, this study underscores the need for strengthened integrated coastal zone management, alignment with EU strategies, and investment in adaptive and participatory conservation approaches.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e163734

Authors: Tiina Salo, Marie C. Nordström

Abstract: The Archipelago Sea in the northern Baltic Sea suffers from multistressor perturbations, including ones related to local nutrient loading as well as consequences from global climate change. In this study, we use the bow-tie risk analysis framework to examine and illustrate how these drivers, eutrophication and climate change, contribute to biodiversity loss and associated implications of this in the Archipelago Sea. The bow-tie approach indicates both causes and ecological, economic, and social consequences of a problem as well as measures to prevent and mitigate the identified causes and consequences. For the Archipelago Sea, the bow-tie approach illustrated highly interlinked impacts of agriculture and aquaculture-driven eutrophication and climate change in degrading marine communities in the Northern Baltic Sea. Similarly, the consequences of this biodiversity loss were complex and highly interlinked. Many of the marine communities in the study area are highly connected, and as this may propagate the degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem services, future assessments should aim to include both trophic and non-trophic interactions in the bow-tie risk analysis. The study also highlights the need to prevent and mitigate multiple drivers of biodiversity loss simultaneously in order to reduce and stop the ongoing degradation of marine habitats and the ecosystem services they support.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e157676

Authors: Davide Raho, Andrea Tarallo, Ilaria Rosati

Abstract: This poster presents the ParAqua database, the first structured initiative aimed at centralising and harmonising data on zoosporic parasites of algae by integrating in situ observations, genetic data from NCBI, and literature sources. The database includes standardised information on parasite and host taxonomy, observation variables, genetic identifiers, and bibliographic metadata. Built with controlled vocabularies (Darwin Core, LifeWatch Traits Thesaurus, Dublin Core), the platform features a user-friendly web application offering structured query tools, a navigable data table, CSV downloads, and a stateless RESTful API for programmatic access. This resource supports researchers in identifying knowledge gaps and advancing parasitological and ecological studies. This work was presented as a poster at the CNR-IRET Conference held in Rome, February 18–19, 2025.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e157339

Authors: Soulaine Theocharides, Sam Leeflang, Wouter Addink, Sharif Islam

Abstract: Biodiversity research relies on physical specimens stored in natural science collections, which serve as enduring reservoirs of data about organisms and their environments. However, these reservoirs remain siloed. The concept of Digital Specimen addresses the challenges posed by the vast amount of disconnected digital biodiversity data available today. The existing approach involves converting analogue records into digital replicas stored in local databases, leading to isolated and fragmented datasets that are difficult to integrate and utilise efficiently. The Digital Specimen aims to overcome this by establishing an interconnected network of digital objects on the Internet.Digital Specimens are FAIR Digital Objects (FDOs), structured digital entities that adhere to the FAIR principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. FDOs have the potential to enhance the accessibility and interoperability of data from natural science collections by providing unique identifiers, descriptive metadata, and defined operations. DiSSCo utilises the FDO framework to enhance the accessibility and interoperability of biodiversity research data from natural science collections. FDOs facilitate seamless data exchange by providing structured digital objects with unique identifiers, descriptive metadata, and defined operations. As part of making Digital Specimens FDOs, DiSSCO implemented FDO records, metadata records associated with a Persistent Identifier, which further enable machine actionability.A Digital Object repository was developed for the purposes of storing and acting upon digital specimens. Three technological pillars compose the repository: a relational database stores the latest version of the digital specimen and is used for retrieving specimens by their identifier; an indexing solution provides full search capabilities on digital specimens; and a document store holds previous versions of a digital specimen for provenance purposes. There are three ways a user may interact with the digital object repository: a REST API; a user-friendly web portal; and a DOIP server.To ingest data from multiple source systems, a harmonised data model was developed, called OpenDS. Built upon existing international standards like DarwinCore and ABCD, OpenDs accommodates complex structures necessary to capture information about multiple taxonomic identifications, events, agents, and relationships to other data sources. DiSSCo has decided to adapt the GBIF Unified Model (UM) for specimen data, ensuring interoperability and avoiding the development of potentially competing standards. By aligning with the GBIF UM, DiSSCo enhances interoperability with GBIF and promotes the establishment of a unified data modelling standard within the biodiversity community, facilitating seamless data exchange and integration with data aggregators like GBIF.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e154462

Authors: Katerina Vasileiadou, Tereza Manousaki, Thanos Dailianis, Grigorios Skouradakis, Emmanouela Vernadou, Danae Karakasi, Astrid Böhne, Rita Monteiro, Rosa Fernández, Nuria Escudero, Genoscope Sequencing Team, Alice Moussy, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Lola Demirdjian, Benjamin Istace, Arnaud Couloux, Patrick Wincker, Pedro H Oliveira, Jean-Marc Aury, Leanne Haggerty, Swati Sinha, Fergal Martin, Chiara Bortoluzzi

Abstract: Pinctada radiata, commonly known as the Gulf pearl oyster, is a species of pearl oyster found primarily in the warm waters of the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, and parts of the Indian Ocean. Pinctada radiata contributes to marine ecosystems by filtering water, which helps maintain water quality and supports other marine life. This species is the first bivalve Lessepsian migrant, having migrated from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea via the Suez Canal. The reference genome of Pinctada radiata could help identify genes enabling adaptation to varying temperatures and salinities, facilitating survival in diverse and newly colonized habitats allowing comparisons with other bivalves to uncover shared and unique genetic adaptations. Additionally, the genome could support targeted management practices and conservation initiatives, such as habitat restoration and selective breeding, ensuring the long-term sustainability of P. radiata. The entirety of the genome sequence was assembled into 14 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules. This chromosome-level assembly encompasses 0.93 Gb, composed of 220 contigs and 44 scaffolds, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 8.1 Mb and 63.8 Mb, respectively.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e154439

Authors: Katerina Vasileiadou, Tereza Manousaki, Thanos Dailianis, Grigorios Skouradakis, Emmanouela Vernadou, Danae Karakasi, Astrid Böhne, Rita Monteiro, Rosa Fernández, Nuria Escudero, Genoscope Sequencing Team, Alice Moussy, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Lola Demirdjian, Emilie Téodori, Simone Duprat, Patrick Wincker, Pedro H Oliveira, Jean-Marc Aury, Leanne Haggerty, Swati Sinha, Fergal Martin, Chiara Bortoluzzi

Abstract: Arca noae, also known as the Noah's Ark clam, is a bivalve mollusk found in the shallow coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean. This species plays a crucial ecological role by filtering plankton and organic particles from the water, helping maintain water quality and supporting nutrient cycling in marine ecosystems. It is also an important food source for various marine predators, including fish and crustaceans, thereby contributing to the coastal food web. Arca noae is notably resilient to environmental stressors, such as temperature fluctuations, changes in salinity, and pollution, making it a valuable model species for studying how bivalves adapt and respond to stress. While it is not commonly harvested commercially, Arca noae is of great interest to marine researchers due to its ability to thrive in diverse coastal habitats. The reference genome of Arca noae will thus provide important evolutionary insights. The entirety of the genome sequence was assembled into 19 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules. This chromosome-level assembly encompasses 1.5 Gb, composed of 257 contigs and 119 scaffolds, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 20.5 Mb and 84.7 Mb, respectively.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e152862

Authors: Marc Ventura, Nati Franch, Rosa Fernández, Javier Palma-Guerrero, Astrid Böhne, Rita Monteiro, Laura Aguilera, Marta Gut, Tyler S Alioto, Francisco Câmara Ferreira, Fernando Cruz, Jèssica Gómez-Garrido, Leanne Haggerty, Fergal Martin, Tom Brown

Abstract: The reference genome of Valencia hispanica, a critically endangered actinopterygian species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, is key to unravelling its genetic architecture and adaptation to freshwater ecosystems. This genomic resource will enable targeted conservation efforts and shed light on the species' essential role in ecological dynamics, including its contributions to algal biomass regulation and role in the aquatic food web while also highlighting the challenges it faces from habitat degradation and invasive species. Furthermore, it offers opportunities to gain valuable insights into the evolutionary paths within the Valenciidae family, significantly advancing our comprehension of genetic diversity and adaptability in aquatic ecosystems. The entirety of the genome sequence was assembled into 24 contiguous chromosomal pseudomolecules. This chromosome-level assembly encompasses 1.29Gb, composed of 99 contigs and 28 scaffolds, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 38.3Mb and 56.9Mb, respectively.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e148615

Authors: Zdenek Adamek

Abstract: Background. The rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), is a popular species for Czech recreational fishing, both on trout fishing grounds and even some designated as non-trout waters if they have sufficient environmental quality. Rainbow trout are usually stocked using a ‘put-and-take’ management approach, in which the majority of fish are caught and harvested during the fishing season.Methods. Rainbow trout stocking and return data in anglers´ catches were analysed with respect to the time period between stocking and catch and evaluated the rates of return. Two differently managed types of fishing grounds were taken into account – the non-trout and trout grounds. The study was conducted on five fishing grounds (four rivers) in the Czech Republic.Results. The data suggest that the average proportion of stocked rainbow trout caught during the first two weeks after release on non-trout fishing ground is 92.3 %, significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the 64.1 % taken from designated trout grounds. On the trout fishing grounds, rainbow trout tend to be caught more evenly throughout the fishing season. Mean total individual return rates ranged between 36.8 and 53.4 % in the non-trout fishing ground and between 29.8 and 68.4 % in the trout fishing ground. The respective weight return rates were 47.7–79.5% in the non-trout fishing ground and 34.4–75.3% in the trout fishing ground with no significant differences in individual (P = 0.50) and weight (P = 0.19) returns.Conclusion. The vast majority of rainbow trout are caught and harvested shortly after being stocked. The proportion of stocked fish caught within two weeks of release in non-trout fishing grounds is significantly higher than in trout grounds. Stocked rainbow trout tend to be caught more evenly throughout the fishing season in trout fishing grounds due to lower angling pressure. Both individual and weight returns for the entire year (season) were similar in non-trout and trout areas.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e144181

Authors: Manfred Asiedu, Gideon Twieku, Rhoda Lims

Abstract: We propose to explore an eco-friendly and sustainable approach to malaria control by employing fish as biological agents to reduce mosquito populations. Given the rising challenges of insecticide resistance and the environmental concerns associated with chemical interventions, this project investigates the effectiveness of fish species in consuming mosquito larvae, thereby lowering the prevalence of malaria vectors. Through a combination of laboratory experiments, ecological assessments and community engagement in malaria-endemic regions, the project will identify optimal fish species for this purpose, assess their impact on local ecosystems and gauge community perspectives on adopting fish-based malaria control methods. Key objectives include evaluating predation efficiency, determining ecological compatibility, quantifying the reduction in malaria transmission and fostering local involvement to enhance sustainability. This innovative approach has the potential to provide a scalable, environmentally conscious solution for malaria management, contributing to global public health efforts and advancing sustainable disease control strategies.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e138026

Authors: Andrea Tarallo, Giuseppe Turrisi, Davide Raho, Ilaria Rosati

Abstract: This paper presents the collaborative efforts of Working Group 1 (WG1 - Occurrence and detection of zoosporic parasites) and Working Group 2 (WG2 - Drivers underlying the dynamic of zoosporic diseases) within the ParAqua COST Action, a research initiative focused on understanding zoosporic parasites and their interactions with algae. Initially conceived as an interactive web page, one of the deliverables of WG1 has evolved into a centralised database for data gathered by the scientific community of ParAqua. In this paper we present a summary of our work, carried out from July 2022 to October 2023. After gathering and analysing community needs, we have harmonised data collection, designed and implemented the database structure. The upcoming steps involve the data upload and integration process into the database and creating a Graphical User Interface to query the database. The paper focuses on the methodology and discusses the challenges faced during the activity. As part of our commitment to promoting the practices of open science, we wrote this paper to document the entire process of the database development. Our aim is to provide a clear pathway for others to expand, challenge, and refine our database designing process, encouraging a dynamic exchange of ideas that propels the field forward. In a broad sense, this research contributes to the understanding of algae-parasite interactions, by providing a unique experience of data mobilisation and integration in the field of algae parasites research.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e131654

Authors: Grace Kotnik, Lisa Morales, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Mridul Thomas, Alena Gsell, Dedmer van de Waal

Abstract: Poster showing the experimental design for a laboratory assay for sinking rates of chytrid infected diatom Asterionella formosa.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e128742

Authors: Tena Radočaj, Oliver Barić, Serena Rasconi, Irena Vardić, Jurica Jug-Dujaković, Ana Gavrilović

Abstract: One of the biggest challenges in the microalgae industry is the lack of reliable methods to detect and avoid biological contaminants, including parasites, which can affect cell growth and consequently lead to crash of the culture. In recent years, the metabarcoding approach has been widely used to study diversity and distribution of microalgae communities and is also a promising tool for contaminant detection in routine biomonitoring. The aim of this article presents steps of DNA extraction for molecular analysis of microalgae communities.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e124344

Authors: Milos Stupar, Wejden Gongi, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Alexandra Kraberg, Albert Reñé, Serena Rasconi

Abstract: The objective of this methodological paper is to outline a microscopy protocol for detecting and observing fungal zoosporic parasites of phytoplankton in natural environments, with potential applications in algal biotechnology to enhance the success and sustainability of algal cultivation endeavors. The fluorescent dual staining with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Calcofluor White (CFW) showcased during the Training School "Identification and detection of zoosporic parasites" in Neuglobsow (Germany) from 16th till 18th of May 2023 and organized and funded by COST Action ParAqua (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) illustrated its ease of implementation and suitability for diverse natural and artificial systems.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e113306

Authors: Karel Torres-Lozano, Milagros Cabrera-Soregui, Enrique Garcia-Candela, Victor Puicon-Niño de Guzman, Fernando Mesias-Valle

Abstract: Piaractus brachypomus is the most produced Amazonian fish in Peru; however, little is known about histological lesions that monogeneans produce in their gills. When examining 40 juveniles of P. brachypomus from two comercial fish farms, presence of Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum were found, with a total monogenean prevalence of 100%, with a mean intensity and mean abundance of 225.5 parasites/fish for both indices. At the level of the gill tissue, lesions identified were dilation and congestion of the central vein and hyperplasia of the secondary lamella with eosinophilic and lymphocytic infiltration. This is the first report of histopathological alterations caused by the infection of Anacanthorus penilabiatus and Mymarothecium viatorum in cultured groups of P. brachypomus in the Peruvian Amazon, and indicates the need to improve good practices and biosafety in the production of this fish to prevent or control the impact of these monogeneans.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e110523

Authors: María Eugenia Vega Cendejas, Mirella Hernandez de Santillana, Sonia Palacios-Sánchez

Abstract: Length-weight relationships (LWR) were estimated for 44 fish species collected from the unprotected Yucatan coastal Corridor. The sample was composed of species represented by 23 families: Urotrygonidae [Urobatis jamaicensis (Cuvier, 1816)], Albulidae [Albula vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Elopidae [Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766], Engraulidae [Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758), Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943, Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & Marsh, 1900), Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes, 1848)]; Dorosomatidae [Harengula jaguana Poey, 1865, Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818)]; Ariidae [Ariopsis felis (Linnaeus, 1766), Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815)]; Synodontidae [Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Batrachoididae [Opsanus beta (Goode & Bean, 1880)]; Mugilidae [Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836, Mugil trichodon Poey, 1875]; Belonidae [Strongylura notata (Poey, 1860), Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, 1792)]; Hemiramphidae [Chriodorus atherinoides Goode & Bean, 1882, Hyporhamphus unifasciatus (Ranzani, 1841)]; Carangidae [Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831, Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758), Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766), Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Trachinotus goodei Jordan & Evermann 1896]; Cynoglossidae [Symphurus plagiusa (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Gerreidae [Eucinostomus argenteus Baird & Girard, 1855, Eucinostomus gula (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824), Eucinostomus harengulus Goode & Bean, 1879]; Grammistidae [Rypticus maculatus Holbrook 1855]; Haemulidae [Orthopristis chrysoptera (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Lutjanidae [Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Triglidae [Prionotus tribulus Cuvier, 1829]; Ephippidae [Chaetodipterus faber (Broussonet, 1782)]; Sciaenidae [Bairdiella chrysoura (Lacepède, 1802), Cynoscion arenarius, Ginsburg, 1930; Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758), Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, 1847), Menticirrhus saxatilis (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)], Sparidae [Archosargus rhomboidalis (Linnaeus, 1758), Lagodon rhomboides (Linnaeus, 1766)]; Ostraciidae [Acanthostracion quadricornis (Linnaeus, 1758)]; Tetraodontidae [Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, 1785), Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758)]. A new maximum standard length (SL) was recorded for Anchoa lamprotaenia. A positive allometric growth was reported in fourteen species, negative allometric growth in 26 species, and isometric growth in four species.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e107394

Authors: Tina Heger, Jonathan Jeschke, Maud Bernard-Verdier, Camille Musseau, Daniel Mietchen

Abstract: The enemy release hypothesis is a major and well-known hypothesis in invasion biology. Building on a summary of different previous definitions, we provide the following revised definition: “A reduced pressure by enemies in the non-native range positively affects invasion success.” Further, we suggest formalizing the hypothesis in the basic form ‘subject - relationship - object’ to allow for disambiguating the different existing meanings and enhancing their usability by machines.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e106475

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Alberto Basset, Thierry Carval, Katrina Exter, Nicola Fiore, Alessandra Giorgetti, Juan Miguel González-Aranda, Mark Hebden, Georgios Kotoulas, Joaquín López Lérida, Rory Meyer, Nikos Minadakis, Matthias Obst, Nicolas Pade, Christina Pavloudi, Marc Portier, Ioulia Santi, Dick Schaap, Peter Thijsse, Lucia Vaira, Cristina Huertas Olivares

Abstract: This Science Project (SP) contributes to the estimation of the impacts of the invasive species on the European Biodiversity and Ecosystems. This topic is important for European Green Deal and the new European Biodiversity Strategy. The SP is also linked with the socio-economic issues because of the NIS implications to the local ecosystems and their services, and their societal goods and services. Since many of the above impacts may be of local scale, they may alter common practices in circular economies. The SP is implemented by: (a) Combining different sources of data and information; (b) Using a dual workflow to analyse the data; (c) Integrating its resources with core EOSC services and potentially horizontal services available; (d) Engaging the relevant scientific communities. The users will be able to: (a) Analyse distribution patterns of invasive species from different sources of data; (b) Compare the above patterns; (c) Provide managerial suggestions to relevant authorities; (d) Build on the existing infrastructure to address more complex questions (e.g. future scenarios).

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e106369

Authors: Christos Arvanitidis, Ron Dekker, Andreas Petzold, Niklas Blomberg, Giovanni Lamanna, Rudolf Dimper, Cristina Isabel Huertas Olivares, Ana Mellado, Matthew Viljoen, Sally Chambers, Montserrat González, Sophie Viscido

Abstract: The Special Collection of articles on the Science Projects of the EOSC Future project, funded by the European Commission, refers to one of the essential components of the project. This editorial article explains how the Science Projects fit to the EOSC Future, the way their concept has been developed and evolved during the preparation and the implementation of the project and it also makes an introduction to the templates developed by the Science Projects as a plan to carry out their activities.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e105690

Authors: Mario Eduardo Sosa, Silvia Cappello-García, Rafael Martínez-García, Suana Camarillo-Coop, Rocío Guerrero-Zárate, Otilio Méndez-Marín, Carlos Alfonso Alvarez-González, Uriel Rodriguez-Estrada

Abstract: Expansion of aquaculture industry is evidently accompanied by an urgent necessity of aquaculture feed production. Traditionally, fish meal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM) have been the primary protein source ingredient in aquaculture diets.  However, over exploitation of these commodities has conducted to their unsustainability. Hence, research of unconventional protein alternatives has emerged. Mushroom meal is one of them. To date, mushroom meals have been investigated when supplemented in low levels in aquaculture diets. Furthermore, effects of diets supplemented with mushroom meals have assessed different parameters such as, haematology, immunity, anti–bacterial & anti–oxidant activities, and heat stress. Present study, is aimed to study the effects of graded levels of dietary pink oyster mushroom (Pleurotus djamor) meal (POMM), in growth, feed efficiency, protein utilization, digestive enzymes activities and whole body proximate composition of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Experimental design included a control diet (POMM0) formulated with soybean meal, as main protein source, and four diets designed with increasing levels of POMM: 25%(POMM25); 50%(POMM50); 75%(POMM75); and 100%(POMM100). Experimental diets and final whole body were submitted to a proximate composition analysis. Growth, feed efficiency, protein utilization, and digestive enzyme activities were assessed.  Compared to POMM0 and POMM25, weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), significantly (P

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e104251

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Joachim Maes, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In order to assess user and policy needs related to biodiversity monitoring and data, the EuropaBON project invited national experts to fill in this survey in August 2021. The survey was tailored to the national level and aimed at identifying current monitoring efforts, data flows from collection to reporting, data uptake by policymaking, challenges and roadblocks, as well as biodiversity variables and indicators for a desirable future. On behalf of the European Commission (DG Environment) and EuropaBON, the surveys were sent out to all national focal points of the European Environment Information and Observation Network (Eionet) as well as key national agencies. Eionet is a partnership network of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its 38 member and cooperating countries to gather and develop data, knowledge, and advice to policy makers about Europe's environment. The results of our surveys form the basis for the analysis of the EuropaBON User and Policy Needs Assessment (DOI) and inform the design of the Europa Biodiversity Observation Network and its work programme. We published the original responses of survey sections A and B in the annex of the User and Policy Needs Assessment. Responses of section C were synthesised in the assessment.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e104168

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Joachim Maes, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In order to assess user and policy needs related to biodiversity monitoring and data, the EuropaBON project invited European experts to fill in this survey in August 2021. The survey was tailored to the European level and aimed at identifying current monitoring efforts, data flows from collection to reporting, data uptake by policymaking, challenges and roadblocks, as well as biodiversity variables and indicators for a desirable future. On behalf of the European Commission (DG Environment) and EuropaBON, the surveys were sent out to key European agencies (e.g., DG ENV, DG AGRI, DG CLIMA, EEA, Eurostat, Biodiversa+). The results of our surveys form the basis for the analysis of the EuropaBON User and Policy Needs Assessment (DOI) and inform the design of the Europa Biodiversity Observation Network and its work programme. We published the original responses of survey sections A and B in the annex of the User and Policy Needs Assessment. Responses of section C were synthesised in the assessment.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e102530

Authors: Jessi Junker, Pedro Beja, Lluís Brotons, Miguel Fernandez, Néstor Fernández, W. Daniel Kissling, Maria Lumbierres, Anne Lyche Solheim, Joachim Maes, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Francisco Moreira, Martin Musche, Joana Santana, Jose Valdez, Henrique Pereira

Abstract: EuropaBON harnesses the power of modelling Essential Biodiversity Variables (EBVs) to integrate different reporting streams, data sources, and monitoring schemes, and measure biodiversity change across multiple dimensions in space and time. Therefore, EBVs are at the core of the project and form the basis for several of the tasks feeding into the co-design of a biodiversity monitoring system for Europe. In this document, we describe the stepwise process of identifying and specifying the EBVs in the EBV list presented in this deliverable. We further provide a summary of the characteristics of the EBVs identified for EuropaBON, in terms of their desired spatial- and temporal resolutions, as well as the taxonomic/ ecosystem scope to be measured.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e101791

Authors: Ariel A. Chi-Espínola, M. Eugenia Vega-Cendejas, J. Mirella Hernández De Santillana

Abstract: Length and weight relationships (LWR) were estimated for 39 fish species from 30 families from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Fish specimens were sampled during four oceanographic campaigns (February and October 2016, June and September 2017) using a shrimp trawl net and benthic sled net in 20 locations at depths that ranged from 43 to 3,608 m. New maximum standard length (SL) was obtained for Cyclothone alba, C. braueri, C. pseudopallida, and Lepophidium brevibarbe. A positive allometric growth was reported in 22 species and 17 showed a negative allometric growth.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e98663

Authors: Hakan Aksu, Yakup Erdem, Süleyman Özdemir

Abstract: Background. In the Sinop region, many species are caught as non-targets during the target species catching with gill nets. Sardon was used to prevent the bottom creatures (crabs, snails, etc.) climbing these nets used on the ground from climbing. This study was carried out in 13 fishing operations in the inner harbor area of Sinop, from September through November of 2004. Trammel nets were used, which has 32 mm mesh size and target fish species of the fishing gear is red mullet (Mullus barbatus) in the study.Materials and methods. Three net groups were used in the experiments, without sardon (A0) for the control net, multifilament with sardon (A1) and monofilament with sardon (A2) respectively.Results. 65.3% Osteichthyes fish (696 specimens), 16.8% Mollusca (179 specimens), 16.4% was arthropoda (175 specimens) and 1.5% was Chondrichthyes fish (16 specimens) of catch obtained from the operations were form. A total 124 specimens as the target species (red mullet), 398 specimens as bycatch species, and 544 specimens as discarded species were captured sea trials. Catch ratio of A0, A1 and A2 nets were determined 51.88%, 21.58% and 26.55% respectively. 48.38% of the target species, 30.40% of the bycatches and 57.53% of the discarded catch were caught by the A0 net. 25.81% of the target species, 45.23% of the bycatches, and 18.57% of the discard catch were caught with A1 net. 25.81% of the target species, 24.37% of the bycatch and 24.37% of the discarded catch were caught by the A2 net.Conclusions. The results showed that the use of sardon on trammel nets in the Black Sea coastal fisheries caused a slight decrease in target fish catch, but significantly decreased the amount of discarded catch.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e94590

Authors: Serena Rasconi, Hans-Peter Grossart, Alena Gsell, Bastiaan Willem Ibelings, Dedmer van de Waal, Ramsy Agha, Ariola Bacu, Maija Balode, Meryem Beklioğlu, Maja Berden Zrimec, Florina Botez, Tom Butler, Slawomir Cerbin, Angela Cortina, Michael Cunliffe, Thijs Frenken, Esther Garcés, Laura Gjyli, Yonatan Golan, Tiago Guerra, Ayis Iacovides, Antonio Idà, Maiko Kagami, Veljo Kisand, Jovica Leshoski, Pini Marco, Natasa Mazalica, Takeshi Miki, Maria Iasmina Moza, Sigrid Neuhauser, Deniz Özkundakci, Kristel Panksep, Suzana Patcheva, Branka Pestoric, Maya Petrova Stoyneva, Diogo Pinto, Juergen Polle, Carmen Postolache, Joaquín Pozo Dengra, Albert Reñé, Pavel Rychtecky, Dirk S. Schmeller, Bettina Scholz, Géza Selmeczy, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Kálmán Tapolczai, Orhideja Tasevska, Ivana Trbojevic, Blagoy Uzunov, Silke Van den Wyngaert, Ellen van Donk, Marieke Vanthoor, Elizabeta Veljanoska Sarafiloska, Susie Wood, Petr Znachor

Abstract: Zoosporic parasites (i.e. fungi and fungi-like aquatic microorganisms) constitute important drivers of natural populations, causing severe host mortality. Economic impacts of parasitic diseases are notable in the microalgae biotech industry, affecting production of food ingredients, biofuels, pharma- and nutraceuticals.While scientific research on this topic is gaining traction by increasing studies elucidating the functional role of zoosporic parasites in natural ecosystems, we are currently lacking integrated and interdisciplinary efforts for effectively detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae industry. To fill this gap we propose to establish an innovative, dynamic European network connecting scientists, industries and stakeholders to optimize information exchange, equalize access to resources and to develop a joint research agenda. ParAqua aims at compiling and making available all information on the occurrence of zoosporic parasites and their relationship with hosts, elucidate drivers and evaluate impacts of parasitism in natural and man-made aquatic environments. We aim to implement new tools for monitoring and prevention of infections, and to create protocols and a Decision Support Tool for detecting and controlling parasites in the microalgae biotech production. Applied knowledge on zoosporic parasites can feed back from industry to ecology, and we therefore will explore whether the developed tools can be applied for monitoring lakes and reservoirs. Short-Term Scientific Missions and Training Schools will be organised specifically for early stage scientists and managers – with a specific focus on ITC – with the aim to share and integrate both scientific and applied expertise and increase exchange between basic and applied researchers and stakeholders.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e86743

Authors: Urmas Kõljalg, R. Henrik Nilsson, Arnold Tobias Jansson, Allan Zirk, Kessy Abarenkov

Abstract: Species have intrinsic value but also partake in a long range of ecosystem services of major economic value to humans. These values have proved hard to quantify precisely, making it all too easy to dismiss them altogether. We outline the concept of the species stock market (SSM), a system to provide a unified basis for valuation of all living species. The SSM amalgamates digitized information from natural history collections, occurrence data, and molecular sequence databases to quantify our knowledge of each species from scientific, societal, and economical points of view. The trading system will necessarily be unlike that of the regular stock market, but the looming biodiversity crisis implores us to finally put an open and transparent price tag on symbiosis, deforestation, and pollution

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e85850

Authors: Jinming Wu, Junyi Li, Xiaoqian Leng, Hui Zhang, Haile Yang, Hao Du

Abstract: The critically endangered Sichuan taimen (Hucho bleekeri Kimura), one of the largest salmonids in the world, has been found in most of the tributaries of the Upper Yangtze River in China. In this study, ultrasonography was used to assist the artificial reproduction of Sichuan taimen. A Treason T3000 portable ultrasonography with a model 12L5 (12-5 MHz) transducer was used to determine the sex of Sichuan taimen before spawning and after hormone induction and spawning. Two scanning areas with two central points were located to easily distinguish between the ultrasound images of females and males before and after spawning. The ultrasound images showed the maturation of the ovary after hormone induction, which is a key for determining the right time for sampling oocytes or sperm and adjusting the dose of the hormone. The transverse ultrasound images of the ovary can also be used to evaluate reproductive characteristics such as potential breeding fertility and relative gonadosomatic index. Thus, ultrasonography may be helpful in dynamically understanding the artificial reproduction of Sichuan taimen and observing the response of the ovary to exogenous hormones, which will benefit the artificial reproduction and conservation of endangered fish species.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e84517

Authors: Hannah Moersberger, Juliette G. C. Martin, Jessi Junker, Ivelina Georgieva, Silke Bauer, Pedro Beja, Tom Breeze, Lluís Brotons, Helge Bruelheide, Néstor Fernández, Miguel Fernandez, Ute Jandt, Christian Langer, Anne Lyche Solheim, Joachim Maes, Francisco Moreira, Guy Pe'er, Joana Santana, Judy Shamoun-Baranes, Bruno Smets, Jose Valdez, Ian McCallum, Henrique M. Pereira, Aletta Bonn

Abstract: In this report, we present the analysis of the different available biodiversity data streams at the EU and national level, both baseline biodiversity data and monitoring data. We assess how these biodiversity data inform and trigger policy action and identify the related challenges the different European countries and relevant EU agencies face and the solutions to overcome them. To do this, we consulted with more than 350 expert stakeholders from policy, research and practice. The assessment identified a fragmented biodiversity data landscape that cannot currently easily answer all relevant policy questions. Quantity and quality of biodiversity baseline datasets differ for the different countries, ranging from non-existent biodiversity monitoring due to capacity issues, to regular monitoring of ecosystem processes and state. By engaging stakeholders and experts in both member states and non-member states and from several EU bodies, we identified key challenges and ways to address these with targeted solutions towards building a joint European Biodiversity Monitoring Network. Solutions include focussing on cooperation and coordination, enhanced data standardisation and sharing, as well as the use of models and new technologies. These solutions can however only be realised with dedicated funding and capacity building, in coordination with all stakeholders in partnership.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e81371

Authors: Atsuya Yamamoto, Kota Tabata, Tomohiro Fukushige, Takuya Inoue, Hiroaki Furutsu, Michihisa Hiroya, Minoru Kanaiwa

Abstract: Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were estimated for ten freshwater fish species such as a species of crucian carp, gin-buna, Carassius langsdorfii Temminck & Schlegel, 1846, lake minnow Phynchocypris percnura (Pallas, 1814), a species of stone loach Barbatula toni (Dybowski, 1869), Japanese smelt Hypomesus nipponensis McAllister, 1963, masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou (Brevoort, 1856), rainbow trout O. mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), whitespotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis (Pallas, 1814), ninespine stickleback Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus, 1758), a species of sculpin, hana-kajika, Cottus nozawae Synder, 1911, and a species of goby Rhinogobius sp. OR. Specimens were collected once a month except snowy season from Abashiri River basin, eastern Hokkaido, between June 2007 to November 2011. Fish were captured by the electrofisher (Smith-Root, Model 12-b). The estimated allometric coefficient b values ranged from 2.790 (ninespine stickleback ) to 3.294 (the sculpin), and r2 values ranged from 0.772 (lake minnow) to 0.994 (the goby). All the LWRs were highly significant, with p < 0.001. Besides, the study provides the first estimates of LWRs for the stone loach, Japanese smelt, masu salmon, whitespotted char, the sculpin, and the goby.

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e81207

Authors: Henrique M. Pereira, Jessi Junker, Néstor Fernández, Joachim Maes, Pedro Beja, Aletta Bonn, Tom Breeze, Lluís Brotons, Helge Bruehlheide, Marcel Buchhorn, César Capinha, Cher Chow, Karolin Dietrich, Maria Dornelas, Grégoire Dubois, Miguel Fernandez, Mark Frenzel, Nikolai Friberg, Steffen Fritz, Ivelina Georgieva, Anne Gobin, Carlos Guerra, Sigrid Haande, Sergi Herrando, Ute Jandt, W. Daniel Kissling, Ingolf Kühn, Christian Langer, Camino Liquete, Anne Lyche Solheim, David Martí, Juliette G. C. Martin, Annett Masur, Ian McCallum, Marit Mjelde, Jannicke Moe, Hannah Moersberger, Alejandra Morán-Ordóñez, Francisco Moreira, Martin Musche, Laetitia M. Navarro, Alberto Orgiazzi, Robert Patchett, Lyubomir Penev, Joan Pino, Gabriela Popova, Simon Potts, Anna Ramon, Leonard Sandin, Joana Santana, Anna Sapundzhieva, Linda See, Judy Shamoun-Baranes, Bruno Smets, Pavel Stoev, Leho Tedersoo, Liis Tiimann, Jose Valdez, Sara Vallecillo, Roy H. A. Van Grunsven, Ruben Van De Kerchove, Dani Villero, Piero Visconti, Claudia Weinhold, Annika M. Zuleger

Abstract: Observations are key to understand the drivers of biodiversity loss, and the impacts on ecosystem services and ultimately on people. Many EU policies and initiatives demand unbiased, integrated and regularly updated biodiversity and ecosystem service data. However, efforts to monitor biodiversity are spatially and temporally fragmented, taxonomically biased, and lack integration in Europe. EuropaBON aims to bridge this gap by designing an EU-wide framework for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem services. EuropaBON harnesses the power of modelling essential variables to integrate different reporting streams, data sources, and monitoring schemes. These essential variables provide consistent knowledge about multiple dimensions of biodiversity change across space and time. They can then be analyzed and synthesized to support decision-making at different spatial scales, from the sub-national to the European scale, through the production of indicators and scenarios. To develop essential biodiversity and ecosystem variables workflows that are policy relevant, EuropaBON is built around stakeholder engagement and knowledge exchange (WP2). EuropaBON will work with stakeholders to identify user and policy needs for biodiversity monitoring and investigate the feasibility of setting up a center to coordinate monitoring activities across Europe (WP2). Together with stakeholders, EuropaBON will assess current monitoring efforts to identify gaps, data and workflow bottlenecks, and analyse cost-effectiveness of different schemes (WP3). This will be used to co-design improved monitoring schemes using novel technologies to become more representative temporally, spatially and taxonomically, delivering multiple benefits to users and society (WP4). Finally, EuropaBON will demonstrate in a set of showcases how workflows tailored to the Birds Directive, Habitats Directive, Water Framework Directive, Climate and Restoration Policy, and the Bioeconomy Strategy, can be implemented (WP5).

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DOI: 10.3897/arphapreprints.e69914

Authors: Seung-Woon YUN, Jong-Young PARK, Karel Janko

Abstract: Background. During the course of evolution, numerous taxa abandoned canonical sex and reproduced asexually. Examination of the Cobitis hankugensis - Iksookimia longicorpa asexual complex already revealed important evolutionary discoveries tackling phenomena like interspecific hybridization, non-Mendelian inheritance, polyploidy and asexuality. Yet, as in other similar cases, the investigation is hampered by the lack of easily accessible molecular tools for efficient differentiation among genomotypes.Material and methods. Here, we tested the cross-species amplification of 23 microsatellite markers derived from distantly related species and investigated the extent to which such markers can facilitate the genome identification in non-model hybrid complex.Results. We found that 21 out of 23 microsatellite markers amplified in all genomotypes. Five of them could be used for easy diagnosticity of parental species and their hybrids due to species-specific amplification profiles. We also noted that three markers, i.e. IC654 and IC783 derived from Cobitis choii and Iko_TTA01 from Iksookimia koreensis, had dosage-sensitive amplification efficiencies of species-specific alleles. This could be further used for reliable differentiation of genome composition in polyploids.Conclusions. The present study introduces a noninvasive method applicable for diagnosis of ploidy and genome composition of hybrids, which are not clearly distinguished morphologically. We showed that very detailed information may be obtained even from markers developed in distantly related taxa.

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